油气垂直运移案例:东南亚第三纪盆地案例研究

G. Christopher
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摘要

在东南亚地区,盆地内不同密度和成因类型的油气相相互交织,形成了复杂的油气分布,这是一个普遍现象,通常归因于垂向运移。通过对东南亚两个新生代盆地——西爪哇和马杜拉地台的油气充注和圈闭历史的模拟,探讨了油气垂向运移的控制因素。采用一种改进的入侵渗流算法对二次运移模型进行了模拟,该算法遵循了在浮力和毛细力主导的流动状态下,运移发生在毛细平衡状态的原理。三维地震数据作为迁移模拟的基网格,以捕捉构造和相变化对流体流动的影响。提出了西爪哇盆地(断界构造)和东爪哇盆地(非断界构造)的两种模型。在这两种情况下,石油和天然气之间都发生了相互干扰,大部分石油被困在下层地层中,石油和天然气的混合物主导着中层地层,大部分天然气在上层地层中。这些垂向排列是可能的,因为盆地内的地层封闭相对较弱。对于垂直分布的储层,油通常在下层段圈闭,气通常在上层段圈闭。对于一个以垂向运移为主的盆地,远离厨房的油气横向运移的潜在风险很高,从而增加了远离厨房的潜在勘探风险。了解有助于控制垂直运移的因素也有助于地质学家更好地了解盆地内的油气分布。在案例研究中,建模帮助确定了影响油气垂向运移的因素,并由此确定了研究盆地中潜在的相分布前景风险。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Case for Vertical Hydrocarbon Migration: Case Studies, Southeast Asia Tertiary Basins
Complex hydrocarbon distributions where reservoirs are filled by oil and gas phases with different densities and genetic types interfingering within a basin are a common phenomenon in Southeast Asia and are often attributed to vertical migration. Attempts to understanding the controlling factors of vertical hydrocarbon migration by modeling the hydrocarbon charging and entrapment history from two Cenozoic basins in Southeast Asia—West Java and the Madura Platform—are discussed. A modified invasion percolation algorithm was used to simulate the secondary migration models, which follows the principle that migration occurs in a state of capillary equilibrium in a flow regime dominated by buoyancy and capillary forces. Three-dimensional (3D) seismic data were used as the base grid for migration simulation to capture the effect of both structure and facies variations on fluid flow. Two models, one from the West Java Basin (fault-bounded structure) and the East Java Basin (nonfault-bounded structure), are presented. For both cases, interfingering between oil and gas occurred, with most oils trapped within the lower formations, a mixture of oil and gas dominates the middle formations, and mostly gas in the upper formation. These vertical arrangements are possible because of the relatively weak formational seals within the basin. For vertically distributed reservoirs, oil is often trapped within the lower interval, and gas is trapped at the upper interval. For a basin dominated by a vertical migration regime, the potential risk for hydrocarbon lateral travel far away from the kitchen is high, thus increasing the potential risk of prospectivity away from the kitchen. Understanding factors that help control vertical migration also help geologists better understand hydrocarbon distributions within the basins. Case studies during which modeling helped determine the factors that influenced vertical hydrocarbon migration and the resulting potential phase distribution prospectivity risks in the studied basins are discussed.
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