开放名单比例代表制如何在哈尔科夫地区2020年地方选举中发挥作用?

Майдан Свободи
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文考察了《选举法》对哈尔科夫地区2020年地方选举材料的首次批准。作者特别关注了公开名单制度的影响和优先投票对地方议会席位个人分配的影响程度。这篇文章计算了在所有14个选区和主要政党名单中使用优先投票权的选民的百分比。我们认为,根据使用优先投票权的指标和无效选票的百分比,哈尔科夫地区的选民对新的选举制度表现出高度的适应准备。本文分析了纳入选举制度的阻挠机制的影响,这种机制减少了选民优先投票的影响,并保留了党的领导层对委员会中个人授权分配的控制。地区名单和统一的封闭政党名单的席位比例被量化(根据地区议会和17个市议会的选举结果)。本文分析了区议会选举中各区名单中候选人选票位置变化的强度。我们证明,只有20%的席位是由政党领导层安排在“不通过”投票位置的候选人获得的。文章认为,在2020年地方选举中引入的选举公式并不是开放名单比例代表制。根据对新当选的理事会中个人分配席位的统计,这种模式似乎介于灵活名单制度和封闭名单制度之间。在这方面,本文在关于选举法规范如何削弱选民的优惠选票作用的辩论中提出了新的论点,并提出了修改《选举法》的建议。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
HOW OPEN LIST PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION WORKS IN THE 2020 LOCAL ELECTIONS AT KHARKIV REGION?
The article examines the first approbation of the Electoral Code on the material of the 2020 local elections in the Kharkiv region. The authors pay special attention to the effects of open lists systems and the degree of influence of preferential votes on the personal distribution of seats in local councils. The article calculates the percentage of voters who used the right of preferential votes in all 14 constituencies and main party lists. We argue that according to the indicators of the use of the preferential vote right and the percentage of invalid ballots, the voters of the Kharkiv region demonstrated a high degree of adaptive readiness for the new electoral system. The article analyzes the effects of blocking mechanisms incorporated in the electoral system, which reduced the influence of preferential votes of voters and retained the control of the party leadership over the personal distribution of mandates in the councils. The ratio between the seats from the district lists and the unified closed party lists was quantified (based on election results for the regional council and 17 city councils of the region). The article analyzes the intensity of changes in the ballot position of candidates in the district lists on regional council elections. We demonstrate that only 20% of seats were received by candidates placed by the party leadership in a “no-pass” ballot position. The article argues that the electoral formula introduced in the 2020 local elections did not work as a system with open lists proportional representation. According to the statistics of the personal allocation of seats in the newly elected councils, this model seems to be something in between the systems of flexible and closed lists. In this regard, the article develops new arguments in the debate on how the norms of electoral legislation reduce the role of preferential votes of voters and proposes recommendations for amending the Electoral Code.
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