茎注射TREE-äge®(4%苯甲酸Emamectin Benzoate)保护西部白松(Pinus monticola)免受山松甲虫(Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins)(鞘翅目:松科:Scolytinae)侵袭的评价

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Joseph J. Doccola, S. Smith, J. Fischer, B. Strom
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引用次数: 1

摘要

保护高价值树木免受树皮甲虫的侵害,并开发孔洞喷雾剂的替代品是树木管理者的首要任务。本研究的目的是评价茎注射TREE-äge®(emamectin benzoate [EB])作为西部白松(Pinus monticola Dougl)的保护性处理。(D. Don)防治山松甲虫(MPB, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins)。治疗效果仅基于木果果协议中的树木死亡率(即≥60%对照≤20%处理树木死亡率)。我们的第一个实验是在2007年进行的,其中包括注入了TREE-äge的树干和未经处理的对照。采用S-(-)-马鞭草酮与绿叶挥发物(GLV)混合剂的孔施用进行观察比较。从对照树死亡的数量和时间(90%)可以看出,来自MPB的压力很大。在TREE-äge树中MPB的条状攻击表明,EB的影响及其分布是不一致的。2009年,为了通过更近的注射点改善EB在韧皮部的分布,对注射方案进行了修订。在2009年的TREE-äge-treated树木中,成年甲虫的开采在接触韧皮部时停止,不足以通过缠绕造成树木死亡。在两项研究中,蓝斑真菌都在树木的边材上定植。经TREE-äge单独处理的解剖树木分离物随后被鉴定为gromannia clavigera和Leptographium longiclavatum(蛇口目:子囊菌科),这两个物种可以引起树木死亡。2013年,我们修改了我们的方案,将GLV加马鞭草酮或丙环康唑与TREE-äge一起使用,其中这些处理被证明可以有效地保护树木免受MPB及其相关致病真菌的侵害。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Evaluation of Stem-Injected TREE-äge® (4% Emamectin Benzoate) for Protecting Western White Pines (Pinus monticola) from Mountain Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins)(Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
The protection of high-value trees against bark beetles and the development of alternatives to bole sprays is a priority for the tree manager. The objective of this study was to evaluate stem-injected TREE-äge® (emamectin benzoate [EB]) as a protective treatment for western white pines (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) against mountain pine beetle (MPB, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins). Treatment efficacy was based solely on tree mortality as per Shea protocols (i.e., ≥ 60% check vs. ≤ 20% treated tree mortality). Our first experiment was installed in 2007 and included trees stem-injected with TREE-äge and untreated controls. Bole application of S-(-)-verbenone and green leaf volatile (GLV) blend was included for observational comparison. Pressure from MPB was heavy, as indicated by the number and timing of control tree mortality (90%). Strip attacks by MPB in TREE-äge trees indicated that the impacts of EB, and by inference its distribution, were inconsistent. In 2009, the injection protocol was revised to improve EB distribution in the phloem via closer injection points. In the 2009 TREE-äge-treated trees, adult beetle mining stopped when they contacted phloem and was insufficient to cause tree death by girdling. Blue-stain fungi colonized the sapwood of trees in both studies. Isolates from autopsied trees treated with TREE-äge alone were subsequently identified as Grosmannia clavigera and Leptographium longiclavatum (Ophiostomatales: Ascomycota), species that can incite tree mortality. In 2013, we revised our protocol to include GLV plus verbenone or propiconazole with TREE-äge, wherein these treatments proved effective in protecting trees against MPB and their associated pathogenic fungi.
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来源期刊
Arboriculture and Urban Forestry
Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Forestry
CiteScore
1.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
25
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