LOW CARBON ENERGY 2. Hydrogen energy: problems, achievements, possible risks (review)

Ways to reduce the carbon capacity of Ukraine's economy through the active use of energy efficiency measures in energy, extensive use of renewable energy sources, in particular hydrogen, with possible problems and risks of transition to low-carbon energy. The aim of the work is to assess the contribution of hydrogen use in the perspective of achieving decarbonized energy of Ukraine, taking into account the advantages, available achievements and obstacles to the movement of the economy on this path. To this end, estimates of energy efficiency of primary energy resources according to the EROEI indicator, in particular, renewable energy sources; indicators of environmental friendliness of basic energy resources according to specific (per unit of energy) greenhouse gas emissions are given; IEA data on the volume of global investments in energy efficiency are presented. The main scientific and technical results of recent times in the field of research on the processes of production, transportation and end use of hydrogen, obtained by teams from a number of institutes of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The problems of hydrogen energy are in the focus of close attention of scientists in the country. The use of Ukrainian nuclear power plants for hydrogen production is considered. Particular attention is paid to the materials of the draft Hydrogen Strategy of Ukraine until 2050, according to which the volume of hydrogen production in the final period of implementation will be up to 330 billion nm3 annually. The risks of formation and development of energy at RES are assessed, the optimal scenarios of the country's economic development are considered.