Comparing Urban Maxillofacial Trauma Patterns to the National Trauma Data Bank©

Objectives: We aimed to determine whether certain maxillofacial fracture patterns and injury mechanisms were more prevalent in an urban environment. In addition, we aimed to determine if maxillofacial trauma incidence correlated with income. Methods: Data was collected from Einstein Healthcare Network and Temple University Health System. These data were compared to the 2016 National Trauma Data Bank© (NTDB©) using chi-square analysis. Multivariate analysis was used to identify correlations between demographic variables and fracture patterns. Sociodemographic data was further characterized utilizing neighborhood mapping. Results: A total of 252 patients from our urban campuses and 14 447 patients from the NTDB© were identified with facial fractures. Maxillofacial trauma patients in the urban population were more likely to be minorities and less likely to be Caucasian compared to the NTDB© (P < .001). Patients in the urban setting were more likely to sustain mandibular and orbital fractures, and less likely to sustain maxillary fractures and multiple fractures (P < .001). Urban maxillofacial trauma patients were more likely to sustain assault and sporting injuries, and less likely to sustain injuries from motor vehicle accidents and self-harm (P < .001). Conclusions: Maxillofacial trauma patterns and injury mechanisms were shown to be significantly different in an urban environment as compared to national data.