Privacy analysis using ontologies

As information systems extensively exchange information between participants, privacy concerns may arise from potential misuse. Existing design approaches consider non-technical privacy requirements of different stakeholders during the design and the implementation of a system. However, a technical approach for privacy analysis is largely missing. This paper introduces a formal approach for technically evaluating an information system with respect to its designed or implemented privacy protection. In particular, we introduce a system model that describes various system aspects such as its information flow. We define the semantics of this system model by using ontologies. Based on the system model together with a given privacy ontology, and given privacy requirements we analyze the modeled system to detect privacy leakages and to calculate privacy indicators. The proposed method provides a technical approach to check whether a system conforms to the privacy requirements of the stakeholders or not.