不同土壤磷肥对甘薯产量和品质的影响

C. F. D. S. Cordeiro, F. Echer, G. Batista, A. M. Fernandes
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摘要

磷(P)是红薯生长和产量所必需的营养物质;在沙质土壤中,主要在退化地区,低磷施用可能限制甘薯的产量和品质。本研究旨在评价不同初始磷效度(23.2 mg dm-3(高磷作物轮作)和3.7 mg dm-3(低磷退化后牧场)的热带沙质土壤中磷剂量对甘薯块根产量和品质的影响。试验采用随机区组设计,共4个重复。施磷量分别为0、22、44、88和176 kg hm -1。评估了块茎产量、块茎数量和平均重量、叶片和块茎中磷浓度、输出磷以及块茎中淀粉、还原糖、总糖和蔗糖的百分比。试验结束时测定土壤磷浓度。在磷有效度较高的地区(> 20 mg dm-3 -树脂),增加磷剂量并没有增加块根产量,但降低了块根淀粉浓度。在磷有效度较低的地区(< 3.7 mg dm-3 -树脂),块根产量和淀粉浓度分别在施磷68和33 kg hm -1时达到峰值。在草地退化后土壤初始磷浓度较低的地区,甘薯作物磷肥施用剂量为68 kg ha-1。在轮作且土壤磷浓度充足的地区,应施用磷肥,以替代收获块根输出的磷量,避免土壤肥力下降。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Sweet potato yield and quality as a function of phosphorus fertilization in different soils
ABSTRACT Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for growth and yield of sweet potatoes; in sandy soils, sweet potato yield and quality may be limited by application of low P doses, mainly in degraded areas. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of P doses on yield and quality of sweet potato root tubers grown in tropical sandy soils with different initial P availabilities: 23.2 mg dm-3 (high P - crop rotation) and 3.7 mg dm-3 (low P - post degraded pasture). Two experiments were carried out in a randomized block design, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of P doses (0, 22, 44, 88, and 176 kg ha-1) applied to the planting bed. Tuber yield, number and mean weight of tubers, P concentration in leaves and tubers, exported P, as well as the percentage of starch, reducing sugars, total sugars, and sucrose in the tubers were evaluated. P concentration in the soil was evaluated at the end of the experiment. In the area with high P availability (> 20 mg dm-3 - resin), increasing P doses did not increase root tuber yield and decreased root starch concentrations. In the area with low P availability (< 3.7 mg dm-3 - resin), root tuber yield and starch concentration peaked when applying 68 and 33 kg ha-1 of P, respectively. In areas after degraded pasture, with low initial soil P concentration, P fertilization for sweet potato crops should be carried out with a P dose of 68 kg ha-1. In areas with crop rotation and adequate soil P concentration, P fertilization should be carried out to replace the amount of P exported by the harvested root tubers to avoid decreases in soil fertility.
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