Marangoni convection of γ-Al2O3-water/ethylene glycol nanofluids with the inclusion of nonlinear thermal radiation

The current study used convective heat transfer properties to investigate the Marangoni convection flow of oxide particles within water and ethylene glycol past a linearly expanding sheet. The flow characteristic is enhanced by the inclusion of nonlinear thermal radiation in the heat transfer phenomenon. The model is properly designed in conjunction with the appropriate assumption of the effective properties of the nanofluid, such as viscosity, conductivity, and the Prandtl number, among others. However, the flow analysis of γ− Al2 O3 nanofluid embedding with the permeable medium affects the behavior of the contributing parameters. The non-dimensional forms of the governing equations designed with the above-mentioned properties are obtained by selecting the appropriate similarity transformation. Furthermore, the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg numerical method is used to solve these sets of formulated problems from case studies. The flow domain’s behavior when several relevant parameters are varied is depicted graphically and briefly described. However, the major contributions are; inclusion of particle concentration accelerates the nanofluid temperature whereas the fluid velocity decelerates near the sheet region, and further it shows its opposite impact. The resistance offered by the permeability of the porous medium attenuates the fluid velocity significantly.