The straits of Gibraltar and Kara Gates: a comparison of internal tides

Moored current measurements, numerical model calculations, and satellite images from the straits of Gibraltar and Kara Gates are compared. The vertical internal displacements (double amplitudes) with a semidiurnal frequency are extremely large in both straits. The displacements are related to internal tidal waves over the sills. The energy of the internal tides is transferred to an internal bore and associated wave packets of short-period internal waves. Their surface manifestation can be seen on the satellite images. Numerical modeling shows that the outflowing current from the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean has a significant influence on internal tides. In the Kara Gates, the flow from the Barents Sea to Kara Sea has a similar influence. The internal tide propagating in the opposite direction to the flows intensifies and breaks down into shorter period waves that are seen on the satellite images in the eastern part of the Strait of Gibraltar and in the southwestern part of the Kara Gates.