{"title":"埃尔比勒市不同临床来源耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜形成的表型和分子检测","authors":"Pishtiwan Ahmad Hamad","doi":"10.4084/MJHID.2023.016","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is an important causative pathogen. The production of biofilms is an important factor and makes these bacteria resistant to antimicrobial therapy.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>the current study aimed to assess the prevalence of resistance to antibacterial agents and to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of biofilm formation among <i>S. aureus</i> strains.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 50 isolates of Methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) and Methicillin-Susceptible <i>S. aureus</i> (MSSA). <i>S. aureus</i> was identified by molecular and conventional methods, and antimicrobial resistance was tested with a disc diffusion method. The biofilm formation was performed through the Microtiter plate method. Strains were subjected to PCR to determine the presence of <i>nuc</i>, <i>mecA</i>, <i>icaA</i>, <i>icaB</i>, <i>icaC</i>, and <i>icaD</i> genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 50 <i>S. aureus</i> isolates, 32(64%) and 18(36%) were MRSA and MSSA, respectively. A large number of MRSA and MSSA isolates showed resistance to Penicillin and Azithromycin, and a lower number of MRSA and MSSA isolates showed resistance to Amikacin Gentamicin. None of the isolates was resistant to Vancomycin. The MRSA strains had significantly higher resistance against antibiotics than MSSA strains (P = 0.0154). All isolates (MRSA and MSSA) were able to produce biofilm with levels ranging from strong (31.25 %), (16.6%) to moderate (53.12%), (50%) to weak (15.6%), (33.3%) respectively. The MRSA strains had a significantly higher biofilm formation ability than the MSSA strains (P = 0.0079). The biofilm-encoding genes were detected among isolates with different frequencies. The majority of <i>S. aureus</i> isolates, 42 (84%), were positive for the icaA. The prevalence rates of the icaB, icaC and icaD genes were found to be 37 (74%), 40 (80%) and 41 (82%), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of biofilm encoding genes associated with multidrug resistance in <i>S. aureus</i> strains is high. Therefore, identifying epidemiology, molecular characteristics, and biofilm management of <i>S. aureus</i> infection would be helpful.</p>","PeriodicalId":18498,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"15 1","pages":"e2023016"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/51/c0/mjhid-15-1-e2023016.PMC10000948.pdf","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Phenotypic and Molecular Detection of Biofilm Formation in Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus Aureus</i> Isolated from Different Clinical Sources in Erbil City.\",\"authors\":\"Pishtiwan Ahmad Hamad\",\"doi\":\"10.4084/MJHID.2023.016\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is an important causative pathogen. The production of biofilms is an important factor and makes these bacteria resistant to antimicrobial therapy.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>the current study aimed to assess the prevalence of resistance to antibacterial agents and to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of biofilm formation among <i>S. aureus</i> strains.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 50 isolates of Methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) and Methicillin-Susceptible <i>S. aureus</i> (MSSA). <i>S. aureus</i> was identified by molecular and conventional methods, and antimicrobial resistance was tested with a disc diffusion method. The biofilm formation was performed through the Microtiter plate method. Strains were subjected to PCR to determine the presence of <i>nuc</i>, <i>mecA</i>, <i>icaA</i>, <i>icaB</i>, <i>icaC</i>, and <i>icaD</i> genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 50 <i>S. aureus</i> isolates, 32(64%) and 18(36%) were MRSA and MSSA, respectively. A large number of MRSA and MSSA isolates showed resistance to Penicillin and Azithromycin, and a lower number of MRSA and MSSA isolates showed resistance to Amikacin Gentamicin. None of the isolates was resistant to Vancomycin. The MRSA strains had significantly higher resistance against antibiotics than MSSA strains (P = 0.0154). All isolates (MRSA and MSSA) were able to produce biofilm with levels ranging from strong (31.25 %), (16.6%) to moderate (53.12%), (50%) to weak (15.6%), (33.3%) respectively. The MRSA strains had a significantly higher biofilm formation ability than the MSSA strains (P = 0.0079). The biofilm-encoding genes were detected among isolates with different frequencies. The majority of <i>S. aureus</i> isolates, 42 (84%), were positive for the icaA. The prevalence rates of the icaB, icaC and icaD genes were found to be 37 (74%), 40 (80%) and 41 (82%), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of biofilm encoding genes associated with multidrug resistance in <i>S. aureus</i> strains is high. Therefore, identifying epidemiology, molecular characteristics, and biofilm management of <i>S. aureus</i> infection would be helpful.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":18498,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases\",\"volume\":\"15 1\",\"pages\":\"e2023016\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/51/c0/mjhid-15-1-e2023016.PMC10000948.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.4084/MJHID.2023.016\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"HEMATOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4084/MJHID.2023.016","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"HEMATOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Phenotypic and Molecular Detection of Biofilm Formation in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from Different Clinical Sources in Erbil City.
Background: Staphylococcus aureus is an important causative pathogen. The production of biofilms is an important factor and makes these bacteria resistant to antimicrobial therapy.
Objectives: the current study aimed to assess the prevalence of resistance to antibacterial agents and to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of biofilm formation among S. aureus strains.
Methods: This study included 50 isolates of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin-Susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). S. aureus was identified by molecular and conventional methods, and antimicrobial resistance was tested with a disc diffusion method. The biofilm formation was performed through the Microtiter plate method. Strains were subjected to PCR to determine the presence of nuc, mecA, icaA, icaB, icaC, and icaD genes.
Results: Of the 50 S. aureus isolates, 32(64%) and 18(36%) were MRSA and MSSA, respectively. A large number of MRSA and MSSA isolates showed resistance to Penicillin and Azithromycin, and a lower number of MRSA and MSSA isolates showed resistance to Amikacin Gentamicin. None of the isolates was resistant to Vancomycin. The MRSA strains had significantly higher resistance against antibiotics than MSSA strains (P = 0.0154). All isolates (MRSA and MSSA) were able to produce biofilm with levels ranging from strong (31.25 %), (16.6%) to moderate (53.12%), (50%) to weak (15.6%), (33.3%) respectively. The MRSA strains had a significantly higher biofilm formation ability than the MSSA strains (P = 0.0079). The biofilm-encoding genes were detected among isolates with different frequencies. The majority of S. aureus isolates, 42 (84%), were positive for the icaA. The prevalence rates of the icaB, icaC and icaD genes were found to be 37 (74%), 40 (80%) and 41 (82%), respectively.
Conclusions: The prevalence of biofilm encoding genes associated with multidrug resistance in S. aureus strains is high. Therefore, identifying epidemiology, molecular characteristics, and biofilm management of S. aureus infection would be helpful.
期刊介绍：
Reciprocal interdependence between infectious and hematologic diseases (malignant and non-malignant) is well known. This relationship is particularly evident in Mediterranean countries. Parasitosis as Malaria, Leishmaniosis, B Hookworms, Teniasis, very common in the southeast Mediterranean area, infect about a billion people and manifest prevalently with anemia so that they are usually diagnosed mostly by experienced hematologist on blood or bone marrow smear. On the other hand, infections are also a significant problem in patients affected by hematological malignancies. The blood is the primary vector of HIV infection, which otherwise manifest with symptoms related to a reduction in T lymphocytes. In turn, infections can favor the insurgency of hematological malignancies. The causative relationship between Epstein-Barr virus infection, Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis C virus, HIV and lymphoproliferative diseases is well known.
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