使用混合金属氧化物水基钻井液体系提高了钻井性能,消除了泥浆漏失

Alexandre Javay, Ahmed I. Elbatran, Sunil Sharma, Nata M. Franco, Mauricio Corona, Ahmed A. Alismail
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摘要

在一个深层天然气钻井项目中,穿过浅层裂缝型碳酸盐岩的22英寸井段,使用含有高达50磅/桶膨润土的非加重粘土-水系统进行钻井。主要的挑战包括漏失、井眼致密以及由于粘土含量高和缺乏抑制作用而导致的低渗透率,从而导致地质复杂性并影响井的交付时间。为了封堵下白垩统灰岩中的大裂缝,新型钻井液被设计成具有高触变特性,具有平坦的剪切变薄流变性,具有低塑性粘度、高屈服点和平坦凝胶强度。候选井的选择是通过对邻井的分析来支持的,该分析考虑了钻井性能、钻速、进尺以及遇到漏失的可能性。对流体流变学进行了微调,以有效地考虑每口井的漏失概率,并设计了适合用途的钻井液配方。这项创新技术将混合金属氧化物与优质膨润土结合在一起,作为之前使用系统的替代品,在一系列井中进行了测试。由于其在低剪切速率下的优越粘度,该流体成功地通过在高度断裂的灰岩层段的间隙中凝胶化来防止损失。此外,该流体在磨蚀性砂岩-粘土夹层和底部的硬质碳酸盐地层中具有更高的钻井性能。通过保持全循环,从而避免了盲钻和泵送泥浆帽的相关费用,该举措大大降低了该段的流体成本。通过以最少的钻次将该段更快地钻到预定的套管点,也节省了大量的作业时间。井眼条件的改善,使得钻柱可以通过举升起下钻,而无需进行后扩眼,这也有助于节省钻机时间。套管可以下至井底,在一级内无问题地固井,水泥会返回地面,从而避免了大多数井的一级接箍工具成本。本文揭示了这种多功能水基流体的各个方面,它是一种防止漏失和解决钻井性能不佳问题的解决方案。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Use of Mixed-Metal Oxide Water-Based Drilling Fluid System Increased Drilling Performance and Eliminated Mud Losses
In a deep gas drilling project, the 22-in section across shallow fractured carbonates is drilled using an unweighted clay-water system incorporating up to 50-lbm/bbl bentonite. The main challenges comprise lost circulation, tight hole, and low penetration rates due to high clay content and lack of inhibition, resulting in geological complications and affecting the well delivery time. To seal off the large fractures in the lower-cretaceous limestones, the new drilling fluid was engineered with high thixotropic characteristics presenting a flat, shear-thinning rheological profile with low plastic viscosity, high yield point and flat gel strengths. The selection of candidate wells was supported by offset wells analysis considering drilling performance, penetration rate and footage achieved, and the likelihood of encountering losses. Fine-tuning of the fluid rheology was performed to effectively account for the probability of losses on each well and a fit-for-purpose drilling fluid formulation was designed. This innovative technology combining mixed-metal oxide with premium bentonite was run in a series of wells as a substitute to the previously used system. Due to its superior viscosity at low shear rates the fluid successfully prevented losses by gelling up in the interstices of the highly fractured limestone intervals. In addition, the fluid delivered higher drilling performance across the abrasive sandstone-clay intercalations and the hard carbonates toward the bottom of the section. By maintaining full circulation all way through and therefore avoiding the expenses associated with blind drilling and pumping mud cap, the initiative resulted in considerably lowering the fluid cost in this section. Significant operation time savings were also achieved by drilling the section faster to the intended casing point in a minimum number of runs. Enhanced wellbore condition that allowed the drill string to trip out on elevators instead of back-reaming also contributed to saving rig time. The casing could be run to bottom and cemented trouble free in one stage with cement returns to surface thus precluding the cost of stage collar tool in most of the wells. This paper unveils the facets of this versatile water-base fluid that was introduced as a solution to prevent losses and address poor drilling performance.
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