Place attachment: developing measurement scale based on three destinations

ABSTRACT While destinations are increasingly tried to attract tourists, changing times call for developing a measurement scale for place attachment. In this regard, the current study adopts a secure attachment theory perspective and develops a robust formative measurement scale for place attachment composed of place identity and dependence, cultural bonding, climate and nature, personal relationships and safety and security. Two domestic destinations (Kerala and Tamil Nadu) in the country (India) and one international destination (the Middle East) were employed to validate the factor structure of place attachment. Using online survey, the study obtained the perceptual responses and were analysed using ADANCO 2.2. Findings suggest place attachment as a higher-order formative construct that significantly enhances willingness to recommend and revisit intentions.