{"title":"甲状腺脂肪因子轴在发育过程中的协同作用","authors":"Ahmed Rg","doi":"10.4172/2161-1017.1000280","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Thyroid hormones (THs) are involved in the programming of early prenatal period [1-37]. Moreover, adipokines [leptin (LEP), resistin (RETN), adiponectin (ADP), inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)], and chemokines [interleukin-8 (IL-8)] play an important role during the fetal development and early life [12,32,33]. THs also control the actions of LEP [8,9], interferon-γ [38], ADP [8,9,39], TNF-α [8,26], and growth factors [8,28,32,33,35,40,41] by non-genomic mechanisms. Alternatively, LEP, ADP, and TNF-ɑ modulate the functions of thyroid axis and insulin sensitivity [8]. Also, adipokines can regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPTA), thermogenesis, body weight, basal metabolic rate and appetite [42]. The nuclear receptors such as thyroid receptors (TRs), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα), and liver X receptor (LXR) are vital for the triiodothyronine (T3) regulation of cholesterol metabolism and transcription of lipogenic and lipolytic genes [42]. In white adipose tissue (WAT), the expression and secretion of ADP was decreased throughout the pregnancy [13,43]. Moreover, the expression of LEP and RETN was observed in the developing placenta [44] with reducing the insulin level [45]. Also, the coordination in the secretion these cytokines is involved in the availability of energy during the gestation [46].","PeriodicalId":11670,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"79 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"38","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Synergistic Actions of Thyroid-Adipokines Axis during Development\",\"authors\":\"Ahmed Rg\",\"doi\":\"10.4172/2161-1017.1000280\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Thyroid hormones (THs) are involved in the programming of early prenatal period [1-37]. Moreover, adipokines [leptin (LEP), resistin (RETN), adiponectin (ADP), inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)], and chemokines [interleukin-8 (IL-8)] play an important role during the fetal development and early life [12,32,33]. THs also control the actions of LEP [8,9], interferon-γ [38], ADP [8,9,39], TNF-α [8,26], and growth factors [8,28,32,33,35,40,41] by non-genomic mechanisms. Alternatively, LEP, ADP, and TNF-ɑ modulate the functions of thyroid axis and insulin sensitivity [8]. Also, adipokines can regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPTA), thermogenesis, body weight, basal metabolic rate and appetite [42]. The nuclear receptors such as thyroid receptors (TRs), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα), and liver X receptor (LXR) are vital for the triiodothyronine (T3) regulation of cholesterol metabolism and transcription of lipogenic and lipolytic genes [42]. In white adipose tissue (WAT), the expression and secretion of ADP was decreased throughout the pregnancy [13,43]. Moreover, the expression of LEP and RETN was observed in the developing placenta [44] with reducing the insulin level [45]. Also, the coordination in the secretion these cytokines is involved in the availability of energy during the gestation [46].\",\"PeriodicalId\":11670,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Endocrinology and Metabolic Syndrome\",\"volume\":\"79 1\",\"pages\":\"1-2\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2017-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"38\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Endocrinology and Metabolic Syndrome\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1017.1000280\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Endocrinology and Metabolic Syndrome","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1017.1000280","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Synergistic Actions of Thyroid-Adipokines Axis during Development
Thyroid hormones (THs) are involved in the programming of early prenatal period [1-37]. Moreover, adipokines [leptin (LEP), resistin (RETN), adiponectin (ADP), inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)], and chemokines [interleukin-8 (IL-8)] play an important role during the fetal development and early life [12,32,33]. THs also control the actions of LEP [8,9], interferon-γ [38], ADP [8,9,39], TNF-α [8,26], and growth factors [8,28,32,33,35,40,41] by non-genomic mechanisms. Alternatively, LEP, ADP, and TNF-ɑ modulate the functions of thyroid axis and insulin sensitivity [8]. Also, adipokines can regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPTA), thermogenesis, body weight, basal metabolic rate and appetite [42]. The nuclear receptors such as thyroid receptors (TRs), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα), and liver X receptor (LXR) are vital for the triiodothyronine (T3) regulation of cholesterol metabolism and transcription of lipogenic and lipolytic genes [42]. In white adipose tissue (WAT), the expression and secretion of ADP was decreased throughout the pregnancy [13,43]. Moreover, the expression of LEP and RETN was observed in the developing placenta [44] with reducing the insulin level [45]. Also, the coordination in the secretion these cytokines is involved in the availability of energy during the gestation [46].