科学图像操纵对公众信任的影响

Informing Science Pub Date : 2019-08-08 DOI:10.28945/4407
F. López-Cantos
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引用次数: 3

摘要

目的/目的:在本文中,我们解决了当今科学界面临的理论挑战,以精确地在真假图片之间划清界限。我们特别关注与隐藏的科学奇迹有关的问题,以及为科学论文或吸引更广泛的受众而制作的闪亮图像。背景:随着谣言(hoaxes)和假新闻(fake news)在整个社会和当前网络上的爆发,一些利用当前技术的举措已经启动,以研究这一现象并限制社会影响。在过去的二十年里,不恰当的科学行为引发了更多关于一些科学图像是否有效的问题。方法论:这项工作不是分析今天的图像是否客观。相反,我们提倡一种普遍的方法,使人们更容易真正相信各种知识,无论是科学的还是其他的(Goldman, 1967;Goldman, & Olson, 2009)。这种相信的需要与社会秩序密切相关(Shapin, 1994)。贡献:我们得出的结论是,我们最终必须摆脱关于研究中的真理和客观性的旧观念,广泛地探讨科学和知识是如何表现的,并在向公众传播科学时采用这种理论方法。发现:当代视觉文化表明,我们的世界是通过图像来表达的,而图像就在我们身边。因此,我们需要提高科学图片的可靠性,以直观地代表知识,在复杂的高科技科学世界中增加意义(Allamel-Raffin, 2011;格林伯格,2004;罗桑伯格,2009)。自伽利略时代以来,今天比以往任何时候,科学活动应该被理解为知识产生揭示,并因此告诉我们,(Wise, 2006)所有仍然无法解释在我们的世界,以及一切超出我们的感官。给研究人员的建议:在新闻报道中,发表的科学图像必须得到适当的解释。记者应该告诉人们真相,而不是虚假的客观。今天,我们必须明白,科学知识是通过界面绘制、模拟和获取的,而且是不确定的。科学界需要在关注细节的同时,探讨和解释知识是如何被表示的。未来研究:在当今不断发展的世界中,科学研究采取了更直观的方法。对于科学界和公众来说,重要的是要了解用于视觉表示知识的技术如何解释为什么,例如,我们比一个世纪前更了解电子(Arabatzis, 1996),或者为什么我们开始仔细理解与用于通过媒体促进知识的图像相关的复杂性和伦理问题(参见López-Cantos, 2017)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Impact on Public Trust of Image Manipulation in Science
Aim/Purpose: In this paper, we address the theoretical challenges today’s scientific community faces to precisely draw lines between true and false pictures. In particular, we focus on problems related to the hidden wonders of science and the shiny images produced for scientific papers or to appeal to wider audiences. Background: As rumors (hoaxes) and false news (fake news) explode across society and the current network, several initiatives using current technology have been launched to study this phenomena and limit the social impact. Over the last two decades, inappropriate scientific behavior has raised more questions about whether some scientific images are valid. Methodology: This work is not about analyzing whether today’s images are objective. Instead, we advocate for a general approach that makes it easier to truly believe in all kinds of knowledge, scientific or otherwise (Goldman, 1967; Goldman, & Olson, 2009). This need to believe is closely related to social order (Shapin, 1994). Contribution: We conclude that we must ultimately move away from older ideas about truth and objectivity in research to broadly approach how science and knowledge are represented and move forward with this theoretical approach when communicating science to the public. Findings: Contemporary visual culture suggests that our world is expressed through images, which are all around us. Therefore, we need to promote the reliability of scientific pictures, which visually represent knowledge, to add meaning in a world of complex high-tech science (Allamel-Raffin, 2011; Greenberg, 2004; Rosenberger, 2009). Since the time of Galileo, and today more than ever, scientific activity should be understood as knowledge produced to reveal, and therefore inform us of, (Wise, 2006) all that remains unexplained in our world, as well as everything beyond our senses. Recommendation for Researchers: In journalism, published scientific images must be properly explained. Journalists should tell people the truth, not fake objectivity. Today we must understand that scientific knowledge is mapped, simulated, and accessed through interfaces, and is uncertain. The scientific community needs to approach and explain how knowledge is represented, while paying attention to detail. Future Research: In today’s expanding world, scientific research takes a more visual approach. It is important for both the scientific community and the public to understand how the technologies used to visually represent knowledge can account for why, for example, we know more about electrons than we did a century ago (Arabatzis, 1996), or why we are beginning to carefully understand the complexities and ethical problems related to images used to promote knowledge through the media (see, i.e., López-Cantos, 2017).
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来源期刊
Informing Science
Informing Science Social Sciences-Library and Information Sciences
CiteScore
1.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
9
期刊介绍: The academically peer refereed journal Informing Science endeavors to provide an understanding of the complexities in informing clientele. Fields from information systems, library science, journalism in all its forms to education all contribute to this science. These fields, which developed independently and have been researched in separate disciplines, are evolving to form a new transdiscipline, Informing Science.
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