Scaling Laws for Vascular Buckling, Axial and Circumferential: Applications to Pulse Wave Velocity

Background: Scaling laws for cylindrical column buckling are reviewed, applicable to the cardio-vascular system arteries or veins of various thicknesses to diameter ratios. Methods: Critical buckling load scales as (hr/L^2) for axial loads, (h/r)^3 for compressive circumferential loads, and ( h/r)^0.5 for pulse wave velocity. Results: Arteries and veins are most susceptible to buckling failure in collapsible tube mode when circumferential hoop stress exceeds external pressure. Conclusions: Applications include alternating positive (+) and negative (-) wall stresses to investigate the onset of plastic yielding, fatigue, creep, and pulse wave velocity, all relevant to aneurisms, venous thrombosis, hypertension, and arterial sclerosis.