孟德尔g.j.:生命与科学活动(纪念诞辰200周年)

I. B. Chen, H. Humeniuk
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摘要

本文论述了现代遗传学奠基人、世界著名的奥地利生物学家、和尚孟德尔的主要生平和活动时刻。他发展了杂交种及其后代描述和研究的科学原理,提出了显性和隐性交替性状的概念,首次应用了代数符号系统和性状名称,并提出了多代遗传性状的基本规律。他的科学报告《植物杂交实验》(1865,Brun),以及第二年发表的以他的研究结果为基础的文章,当时的生物学家都低估了他,没有完全理解他。35年后,三位欧洲科学家——H. de Vries、C. Correns和E. Tschermak——几乎同时发表文章,用他们自己的实验独立地证实了孟德尔的数据,孟德尔的杰出作品才得到认可。G.孟德尔成功地发现了遗传学第一定律,这是因为他选择了具有不同形态特征的研究对象,涉及了足够数量的个体,并使用数学方法概括了实验结果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Mendel G.J.: life and scientific activity (on the 200th birth anniversary)
The main life and activity moments of the founder of modern genetics, the world-famous Austrian biologist and monk Gregor Mendel are discussed in the article. He developed the scientific principles of hybrids and their offspring description and research, introduced the concept of alternative traits – dominant and recessive, first applied the algebraic symbol system and trait designations, and formulated the basic inheritance trait laws in a number of generations too. His scientific report Experiments on plant hybrids (1865, Brun), as well as the article based on his results of research published the following year, remained underestimated and not fully understood by biologists at that time. The recognition Mendel’s outstanding works took place 35 years later, after the almost simultaneous article publications by three European scientists – H. de Vries, C. Correns and E. Tschermak, who independently confirmed his data with their own experiments. G. Mendel’s success in discovering the first laws of genetics is due to the fact that he chose research objects with alternative morphological features, involved a sufficient number of individuals and used mathematical methods to generalize the experiment results.
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