可变形合金的力学和声学特性

S. Barannikova, M. V. Nadezhkin, P. V. Iskhakova
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摘要

本文研究了具有独特物理力学性能的Fe18Cr10Ni奥氏体不锈钢在单轴拉伸过程中超声速度与强度和塑性特性的相关关系。这种成功的力学性能是由位错滑移和孪晶、层错的形成和马氏体相变提供的。应该指出的是,评估金属机械特性的变化(特别是在低温下)是一项非常费力的任务,需要使用非破坏性的控制方法。实验数据采用与“应力-应变”图同步记录的实验台获取,以确定超声波的传播速度值和超声波衰减系数随变形的函数。超声波速度传播的测量被简化为确定超声波瑞利脉冲在发射和接收换能器之间的通过时间。衰减是由脉冲形状的变化确定的。脉冲由压电换能器以5兆赫的频率激发。实验研究了静载荷对声学特性的影响,并计算了破坏参数。超声在可变形材料中的传播速度是分析控制塑性过程性质的信息特征。采用无损检测的方法,研究了180 K≤T≤320 K范围内的试验温度对钢的声学和力学特性的影响,以保证钢的结构状态和力学性能得到控制。温度范围的选择考虑了直接γ→α′马氏体相变的可能性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Mechanical and acoustic properties of deformable alloys
The paper is devoted to correlation dependences of ultrasound velocity with characteristics of strength and plasticity in uniaxial tension of Fe18Cr10Ni austenitic stainless steel with a unique set of physical and mechanical properties. Such a successful set of mechanical properties is provided by dislocation slip and twinning, the formation of stacking faults, and martensitic transformation. It should be noted that the assessment of changes in the mechanical characteristics of metals (especially at low temperatures) is a very laborious task and requires the use of non-destructive control methods. Experimental data was obtained using a bench designed to synchronize with recording of the “stress – strain” diagram for determining the values of ultrasound velocity propagation and the attenuation coefficient of the ultrasonic wave as a function of deformation. Measurement of ultrasound velocity propagation was reduced to determining the time of passage of an ultrasonic Rayleigh pulse between transmitting and receiving transducers. Attenuation was determined from the change in pulse shape. The pulses were excited by a piezoelectric transducer at a frequency of 5 MHz. The authors experimentally studied static loading effect on acoustic characteristics and calculated the destruction parameters. The propagation ultrasound velocity in deformable material is an informative feature for analyzing the nature of the processes that control plasticity. The effect of test temperature in the range 180 K ≤ T ≤ 320 K on acoustic and mechanical characteristics of the steel was studied to ensure control of its structural state and mechanical properties by means of non-destructive testing. The temperature range was chosen taking into account the possibility of direct γ → α′ martensitic transformation.
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