哈尔科夫城市空间中的河流:自然与社会互动的历史(18世纪下半叶- 21世纪初)

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The topic was divided to five periods. The first was the second half of 17 – the middle of 18, when the city was the fortress on The Wild Field’s border. Next – 1764 – 1860, when Kharkiv was the typical administrative center of The Russian Empire. Then 1860 – 1917, when the city’s impetuous development dramatically accelerated anthropogenic pressure on the urban space. The fourth – 1917 – 1991 when the town was under Soviet Urban policy. The last – the modern period of Ukrainian Independence, when the revitalization projects have become the actual. Review of previous publications and studies. Kharkiv blue space’s condition was the important theme for historians, ecologists, architects and politics during the 19th – 21st centuries. The global subjects of the river in urban space were started to discuss in Europe in 19th century because of the influence to the river by the industry leading to ecological problems. During the last ten years, L. J. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

问题的表述。本文致力于现代城市研究的关键话题——河流在城市空间中的作用。在美国、韩国和欧洲,有许多振兴这条河的项目。这些项目改善了城市的气候和生态条件,更新了河流,成为吸引市民和游客的地方。在乌克兰,这样的项目不太受欢迎,但在过去几年中,在几个城市出现了非政府组织,试图引起人们对这一主题的关注。然而,振兴工程必须从深入调查河流的历史和自然条件开始。因此,本文的研究对象是17世纪下半叶至21世纪初哈尔科夫城市空间中河流与社会的互动。这个题目分为五个阶段。第一次是17年下半年,18年中期,当时这座城市是荒野边境的堡垒。接下来是1764 - 1860年,哈尔科夫是俄罗斯帝国典型的行政中心。1860 - 1917年,城市的迅猛发展极大地加剧了人为对城市空间的压力。第四次是1917年至1991年,当时该市处于苏联城市政策之下。最后——近代乌克兰独立时期,当振兴项目成为现实。回顾以前的出版物和研究。哈尔科夫蓝色空间的状况是19 - 21世纪历史学家、生态学家、建筑师和政界的重要主题。由于工业对河流的影响导致生态问题,19世纪的欧洲开始讨论城市空间中河流的全球主题。在过去的十年里,马丁吸引了人们对普罗维登斯河(美国)的历史和复兴的关注。S. Castonguay, M. Evenden发表了关于河流在城市空间中的深刻研究。Jaime Lerner在他的研究«acuuntura Urbana»中确定了河流的位置,乌克兰生态学家继续研究乌迪,哈尔科夫和洛潘的污染水平。使用原始的城市研究方法,我们将河流视为对称城市网络的一部分。这意味着河流是城市联系的积极参与者,可以影响网络的其他要素。在我们主题的五个阶段中,河流在城市空间中扮演了以下角色:污水、分区、经济、娱乐和审美。这些功能的意义和规模随着历史时期的变化而变化。不受管制地使用水源会导致河流污染、传染病传播和洪水。具有科学新颖性和现实意义。复兴的过程始于对哈尔科夫城市空间中河流位置的深刻跨学科研究。在本文中,我们确定了问题的分期,河流的主要功能,以及它们在这一时期的作用变化。下一步必须是将河流作为基于其历史的文化对象进行复兴的项目。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The rivers in Kharkiv urban space: the history of interaction between nature and society (second half of the XVIIth - early XXIth century)
Formulation of the problem. This article is devoted to the critical topic of modern Urban studies –the river’s role in urban space. There are many projects of the river’s revitalization in the USA, South Korea, and Europe. These projects improve the condition of climate and ecology in cities and renew rivers have become attractive places for citizens and tourists. In Ukraine, such projects are not so popular, but during the last years, in several cities NGOs, which try to attract attention to this topic, have appeared. Nevertheless, the revitalization project must begin from the deep investigation into the history and natural condition of the river. Therefore, this article’s object is the interaction between the Rivers and the Society in the Kharkiv urban space during the second half of 17th – the early 21st century. The topic was divided to five periods. The first was the second half of 17 – the middle of 18, when the city was the fortress on The Wild Field’s border. Next – 1764 – 1860, when Kharkiv was the typical administrative center of The Russian Empire. Then 1860 – 1917, when the city’s impetuous development dramatically accelerated anthropogenic pressure on the urban space. The fourth – 1917 – 1991 when the town was under Soviet Urban policy. The last – the modern period of Ukrainian Independence, when the revitalization projects have become the actual. Review of previous publications and studies. Kharkiv blue space’s condition was the important theme for historians, ecologists, architects and politics during the 19th – 21st centuries. The global subjects of the river in urban space were started to discuss in Europe in 19th century because of the influence to the river by the industry leading to ecological problems. During the last ten years, L. J. Martin attracted the attention to the history and revitalization of the Providence river (USA). S. Castonguay, M. Evenden published the profound research about the river in urban space. Jaime Lerner determined the place of river in his research «Acupuntura Urbana» Ukrainian ecologists continue to study the level of pollution in Udy, Kharkiv and Lopan. Methods. Using the original Urban Studies methods we considered the rivers as a part of the symmetry urban network. It means that the river is an active actor of the urban connection and can influence the other elements of the net. Results. During the five periods of our theme, river were played the next roles in urban space – sewage, zoning, economic, recreational, and aesthetic. The meaning and scale of these functions were changed according to the historical period. Unregulated use of water sources leads to the pollution of rivers, the spread of infection, and the floods. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The revitalization process starts from the profound cross-disciplinary research about the place of rivers in Kharkiv Urban space. In this article we identified the periodization of the problem, the primary function of the rivers, and the changing of their roles during the period. The next step must be the project of revitalizing the rivers as the cultural object based of their history.
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