Clinical profile, predisposing risk factors for urinary tract infections and its outcome in diabetics and nondiabetics: The significant variants

Background: Diabetics are more prone to urinary tract infections (UTIs) than nondiabetics ranging from dysuria to pyelonephritis. Diabetics have a higher prevalence of both asymptomatic bacteriuria and symptomatic UTI, additionally, recurrent complications. The objective of this study was to determine the clinical and microbiological characteristics of UTI in diabetics and nondiabetics and to determine the pathogens and antimicrobial resistance patterns in diabetic patients with UTI. Methodology: This was a retrospective case-control study conducted at the clinical laboratory of the department of microbiology. The study included all the UTI patients diagnosed from January 2018 to December 2018. They were subsequently divided into diabetic and non-diabetic patients. All patients who had >126 mg/dl of fasting blood sugar and >200 mg/dl postprandial blood sugar were diagnosed positive for diabetes mellitus and the remaining were grouped under nondiabetics. Of these, 151 subjects were selected by simple random sampling from each group, respectively. Clinical data, microorganisms isolated, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and clinical outcomes were recorded. Results: There was equal sex predisposition among the diabetics, while there was female preponderance in the case of nondiabetics who developed UTI (P = 0.036). Fever was the most common presenting symptom among diabetics P < 0.0001. Pyelonephritis was more common among diabetics with P < 0.0001. Diabetics were more prone to sepsis compared to nondiabetics P = 0.036. Conclusions: The prevalence of pyelonephritis and urosepsis is significantly higher in diabetics than in nondiabetics. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern was similar among both diabetics and nondiabetics.