跟随领袖?欧盟《一般数据保护条例》对拉丁美洲影响的比较法研究

IF 0.4 Q3 LAW
Arturo J Carrillo, Matías Jackson
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引用次数: 1

摘要

2018年5月,欧盟《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR)正式生效。人们普遍认识到,它的影响超出了旧大陆的边界,渗透到世界各国的管理程序中。这一点在拉丁美洲表现得最为明显,那里的政府长期以来一直在效仿欧洲的数据保护标准。布拉德福德(Anu Bradford)教授将这种现象描述为“布鲁塞尔效应”(Brussels Effect)的一个突出例子,该效应被定义为欧洲单方面监管全球市场的权力。其他学者则看到了更为复杂的动态。在数据隐私方面尤其如此,欧盟受益于高度可移植的法律模式和规范性创新,这些创新在全球思想市场中已被证明是成功的。本文通过评估GDPR迄今在拉丁美洲的法律影响,加入了围绕欧盟对个人数据监管的跨国影响的辩论。为此目的,该条涉及三个主要问题。首先,自2016年通过GDPR以来,拉丁美洲的数据隐私立法概况如何?其次,该地区那些根据GDPR的关键创新率先改革或颁布数据隐私立法的国家是如何做到的?最后,根据对这些问题的回答,我们可以从拉丁美洲的经验中学到什么?作为回应,本文首先着眼于该地区哪些国家在2016年GDPR颁布后引入或提议修改其立法。然后,报告更详细地评估了巴西、墨西哥、智利和乌拉圭等主要司法管辖区的经验,以确定可以从它们的努力中吸取哪些教训。通过这些调查,作者为围绕该地区“布鲁塞尔效应”的法律维度性质的辩论提供了新的亮点。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Follow the Leader? A Comparative Law Study of the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation’s Impact in Latin America
Abstract In May 2018, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) entered into force in the European Union. As is widely recognized, its impact goes beyond the borders of the old continent, permeating through the regulatory processes of countries all over the world. Nowhere is this more evident than in Latin America, where governments have long emulated European data protection standards. Professor Anu Bradford has famously characterized this phenomenon as a prominent example of ‘the Brussels Effect,’ defined as Europe’s unilateral power to regulate global markets. Other scholars see a more complex dynamic at play. This is especially true in the data privacy context in which the EU has benefited from a highly transplantable legal model and normative innovations that have proved successful in a global marketplace of ideas. This Article joins the debate around the EU’s transnational influence on the regulation of personal data by evaluating the de jure impact that the GDPR has had in Latin America to date. To this end, the Article addresses three main questions. First, what is the panorama of data privacy legislation across Latin America since the 2016 adoption of the GDPR? Second, how have those countries in the region that have moved first to reform or enact data privacy legislation in light of the GDPR’s key innovations done so? And finally, what lessons can be learned from the Latin American experience based on the responses to these questions? In responding, the Article looks first at which countries in the region have introduced or proposed changes to their legislation in the wake of the GDPR’s enactment in 2016. It then evaluates the experience of key jurisdictions in greater detail, namely Brazil, Mexico, Chile and Uruguay, to determine what lessons can be drawn from their efforts. By pursuing these inquiries, the authors shed new light on the debate surrounding the nature of the de jure dimension of ‘the Brussels Effect’ in the region.
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CiteScore
0.80
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