Analysis of geomaterials using frequency modulated continuous wave radar in the X-band

In this paper we explore the suitability of Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave sensing for geomaterial property classification. Seminal results derived from analysis of return signal amplitude and phase over a frequency bandwidth of 9.25–10.75 GHz are presented. Due to advances in microwave electronics, our evaluation explores the concept of a novel desktop analysis system for real-time monitoring of geomaterial properties. A range of geomaterial samples are analysed including, Darney, Locharbriggs and Red St. Bees Sandstones. Ambient environment ground truth measurements are compared to samples imbibed with deionised (DI) water. Results indicate that each geomaterial sample can be clearly identified, with the Darney Sandstone exhibiting the clearest response to fluid ingress, with a phase shift relative to a “dry” sample of 126° for DI water. The results of these preliminary experiments support the sensitivity of the FMCW sensing modality to variances in geomaterial properties.