坦桑尼亚不同环境压力下高绩效和中等绩效小农奶牛场的管理实践特征

D. S. Shija, O. Mwai, P. K. Migwi, R. Mrode, B. Bebe
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引用次数: 3

摘要

本研究描述了坦桑尼亚积极偏差和典型平均绩效小农奶牛场的育种、住房、喂养和健康管理做法。目的是区分积极的越轨农场采用的不同于典型农场的管理做法,以改善当地普遍存在的环境压力。在794个养殖场的样本中,在5个生产性能指标上,正偏差被分类为持续优于典型养殖场(p < 0.05):能量平衡≥0.35 Mcal NEL/d;疾病发病率密度≤12.75 / 100有危险动物年;日产奶量≥6.32 L/头/天;初产犊龄≤1153.28天;产犊间隔≤633.68天。该研究采用双因素嵌套研究设计,将农场嵌套在生产环境中,分为低压力和高压力。与典型农场相比,正偏差农场拥有更大的土地所有权,以及更大的牛群,包括更多的高档牛,饲养在质量更好的零放牧畜栏单元中,每头牛的地板间距更大。阳性偏差者在购买饲料和水上花费更多,并且更频繁地寻求专业兽医服务(p < 0.001)。这些结果表明,与典型农场区分积极偏差的管理实践是牛的升级,提供更大的动物地板间距,并在牛的住房,饲料,浇水和专业兽医服务方面投入更多。这些独特的做法可以与改善饲料短缺、热负荷压力和疾病感染以及改善积极偏差农场的动物福利有关。没有对饲料的营养质量进行分析,因此建议进行研究,以确定积极偏差的投资是否在饲料质量上。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Characterizing Management Practices in High- and Average-Performing Smallholder Dairy Farms under Contrasting Environmental Stresses in Tanzania
This study characterized breeding, housing, feeding and health management practices in positive deviants and typical average performing smallholder dairy farms in Tanzania. The objective was to distinguish management practices that positive deviant farms deploy differently from typical farms to ameliorate local prevalent environmental stresses. In a sample of 794 farms, positive deviants were classified on criteria of consistently outperforming typical farms (p < 0.05) in five production performance indicators: energy balance ≥ 0.35 Mcal NEL/d; disease-incidence density ≤ 12.75 per 100 animal-years at risk; daily milk yield ≥ 6.32 L/cow/day; age at first calving ≤ 1153.28 days; and calving interval ≤ 633.68 days. The study was a two-factor nested research design, with farms nested within the production environment, classified into low- and high-stress. Compared to typical farms, positive deviant farms had larger landholdings, as well as larger herds comprising more high-grade cattle housed in better quality zero-grazing stall units with larger floor spacing per animal. Positive deviants spent more on purchased fodder and water, and sourced professional veterinary services (p < 0.001) more frequently. These results show that management practices distinguishing positive deviants from typical farms were cattle upgrading, provision of larger animal floor spacing and investing more in cattle housing, fodder, watering, and professional veterinary services. These distinguishing practices can be associated with amelioration of feed scarcity, heat load stresses, and disease infections, as well as better animal welfare in positive deviant farms. Nutritional quality of the diet was not analyzed, for which research is recommended to ascertain whether the investments made by positive deviants are in quality of feeds.
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