The Effectiveness of Vegetation in Reducing Building Energy Demand

Buildings account for about 40% of total energy consumption in the United States. Energy efficiency has become of increasing concern to those in both the private and sustainability sectors due to its potential to cut operating costs, enhance corporate social responsibility, reduce environmental impact, and mitigate climate change. One of the less publicized methods of building energy efficiency is vegetation via green roofs, green walls and facades, and surrounding greenery. This paper seeks to assess the effectiveness of vegetation in reducing building heating and cooling demands, thereby lowering energy consumption. The study also analyzes the impact of other factors such as climate, vegetation type, and growing substrate on the effectiveness of building greenery in increasing energy efficiency. Overall, green roofs, vertical greenery, and surrounding vegetation were all found to be viable methods of reducing building energy consumption, especially in hot, dry climates.