早期抗生素暴露与炎症性肠病

Rashmi Agrawal, Amit Agrawal, J. Jacson
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摘要

众所周知,炎症性肠病(IBD)影响着全世界数百万人,主要是由于对肠道微生物的异常免疫反应引起的。IBD主要分为两种类型——溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病。尽管IBD的病因仍是一个未解之谜,但其发展可归因于包括抗生素使用在内的各种危险因素的存在。肠道免疫系统是IBD的起源点,任何造成不平衡的东西都可能引发IBD。肠道菌群的改变可导致微生物数量减少,并导致慢性炎症状态。抗生素可能会影响微生物的成熟,并阻碍强大免疫系统的形成。这使得个体容易受到感染的威胁和随后的慢性炎症状态的发展。研究表明,在妊娠期、产前和新生儿中使用抗生素与IBD的发展有关。微生物生态位的充分发育发生在生命的头两年,在此期间广泛使用抗生素可能对IBD的发展构成重大风险。动物研究也记录了产前子宫内抗生素暴露的作用以及随后在后代中发生IBD的风险。本文综述了妊娠期和婴儿期抗生素暴露在IBD发展中的作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Early life antibiotic exposure and inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is known to affect millions of people worldwide and is primarily caused due to abnormal due to abnormal immune responses to intestinal microbes. IBD is primarily categorized under two main types – ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Although the cause of IBD is still an unsolved puzzle, its development can be attributed to the presence of various risk factors including antibiotic use. The intestinal immune system is the point of genesis of IBD and anything that creates an imbalance can trigger IBD. Alterations in the gut microbiota can lead to reduced microbial populations and lead a chronic inflammation state. Antibiotics may influence microbial maturity and can hamper the formation of a strong immune system. This makes an individual vulnerable to the threat of infections and subsequent development of a chronic inflammation state. Studies have implicated that the use of antibiotics during pregnancy, antepartum, and among neonates is associated with the development of IBD. Adequate development of the microbial niche takes place within the first 2 years of life and extensive administration of antibiotics during this period can pose a significant risk for the development of IBD. Animal studies have also documented the role of in utero antibiotic exposure during the antepartum period and the subsequent risk of developing IBD in the offspring. This review summarizes the role of antibiotic exposure during pregnancy and infancy in the development of IBD.
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