Hybrid nano-coolants in automotive heat transfer – an updated report

Nano coolants have been attracting various researchers for efficient heat transfer agents. The efficacy of nanofluids as nano coolants is reviewed in the present study. The addition of nanoparticles to existing coolant fluids can enhance their heat transfer performance. Conventionally water and ethylene glycol are used as engine radiator coolants. The addition of ethylene glycol is needed to increase the boiling point of the water and decrease the freezing point. The convention also seems to be a crucial factor for heat exchanger performance. This is a requirement for vehicles that are being used under harsh weather conditions. Different types of nanoparticles used as nano coolants SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Cu/CuO, G/GO, CNT, and Hybrid nanoparticles, were extensively illustrated. Finally, nanofluids applications in the past decade were included. As many researchers have shown, they can be used to enhance radiator performance as well. In this review paper, studies of heat transfer performance of various Nanofluids as nano coolants conducted by researchers are studied. Finally, a conclusion is presented.