Effect of the inclination angle of finned cylinder over a BFS on the MHD behavior in the presence of a nanofluid

The present numerical study is based on the forced magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) convection of a ferrofluid through a backward facing step (BFS). A cylinder with two fixed fins and fixed dimensions is implanted inside fluid. The dimensionless governing equations have been solved using the multigrid finite element method. Several parameters were considered, such as the Hartmann number 0≤ Ha ≤100, the magnetic field inclination angle 0°≤ ɣ ≤90°, the Reynolds number 10≤ Re ≤200, the nanoparticle volume fraction 0%≤ φ ≤10%, and the fins inclination angle 0°≤ a ≤180°. The results have shown that the presence of the fins improves the heat transfer, especially at the position a = 90° where the Nuave number increases with a ratio of 113% for Re = 200.