Adnexal Torsion in Adolescents – a Retrospective Analysis from a Tertiary Centre in Latvia

Objective - To review the data of cases of adnexal torsion in the paediatric population in a national level centre in Latvia and examine the pitfalls of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.Methods - A retrospective review of medical records was performed on 61 cases of suspected and/or confirmed adnexal torsion in a national level paediatric centre.Results - In 85.5% of cases the initial diagnosis was made correctly. The age of the patient was a significant contributor to a shorter time until surgery (P=0.016). Abdominal pain was the most common symptom (90.6%), followed by nausea (58.5%) and vomiting (52.8%). Only 62.3% of the torsion patients had an elevated WBC and 69.4% had no elevated body temperature. The shorter the duration of symptoms, the more likely it was that the organ salvage procedure was performed (P=0.021). The sensitivity of ultrasound for the correct diagnosis was 71.4%. In almost a third of the torsion cases, no pelvic lesion was detected on ultrasound (26.5%). When ultrasound suspected torsion, the time before operation was significantly shorter (P<0.001), the presence of blood flow in the ovary extended the time until surgery (P=0.026). Organ-sparing surgery was performed in 73.6% of the cases.Conclusion - Medical professionals should not exclude the diagnosis of adnexal torsion in the absence of fever or leucocytosis, as well as in the case of normal adnexa on ultrasound. A delay in surgery increases the risk of irreversible ischemic damage leading to organ loss.