海上试验场仿真与物理验证的比较

A. Akkermann, A. Hahn
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引用次数: 1

摘要

海事系统的复杂性不断增加,大大提高了对先进验证和验证(V&V)以及认证方法的需求。广泛的基于仿真的认证为现有的物理测试增加了新的机会。与模拟相比,现场测试非常耗时,因此成本高昂。此外,船舶之间的相关近距离情况或环境影响(例如某些类型的恶劣天气情况)由于安全原因和环境的不可控性或仅仅是需要的实验数量而无法在现场进行。海事领域的系统(如导航辅助产品、传感器、通信设备等)通常不是单独使用,而是作为复杂设置的一部分。越来越多的传感器和执行器集成在一起,为船上和岸上的各种系统或信息服务提供数据。由于这些系统在其使用寿命期间通常是不断发展的,因此需要在其使用环境中考虑海事系统(例如桥梁系统)的开发和维护,包括互联系统和外部服务、传感器和执行器。cpso(网络物理系统)需要分布式优化的创新方法,新颖的分布式管理和控制方法,也可以处理部分自治系统,并且必须能够适应故障或网络攻击。此外,CPSoS工程不再保持以往工程阶段与实际运行的严格分离。相反,设计和操作阶段的集成方法需要通过建模、仿真、验证和验证(V&V)来覆盖整个生命周期。因此,有必要监视系统的形成,并以一种可控制和可理解的方式,通过测试用例的适当应用,对系统进行最终评估。这些系统具有新出现的行为,不能在设计阶段完全定义。在这一点上,很明显,传统的单元、集成和系统测试不再足以完全覆盖和验证“系统的信息物理系统”的功能限制。对于这样的系统,使用这些方法无法获得可接受的测试覆盖率。在本文中,作者提出了一个碰撞规则符合性检查器的用例,以比较虚拟(即基于仿真的)V&V,物理(即原位测试)V&V和混合,混合现实V&V。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Comparing Simulation with Physical Verification and Validation in a Maritime Test Field
The steadily increasing complexity of maritime systems substantially raised the need for advanced verification and validation (V&V) as well as certification methods. Extensive simulation-based certification adds new opportunities to existing physical testing. Compared with simulation, field tests are extremely time-consuming and therefore expensive. Furthermore, relevant close-range situations between ships or environmental impacts (e.g. certain types of bad weather situation) are impossible to perform in the field for safety reasons and the uncontrollability of the environment or simply the amount of experiments needed. Systems in the maritime domain (like products for navigation assistance, sensors, communication equipment etc.) are typically not used isolated but as part of a complex setup. More and more sensors and actuators are integrated to provide data for various systems or information services on board a ship and ashore. Since such systems are typically continuously evolving during their service lifetime, the development and maintenance of maritime systems (e.g. bridge systems) need to considered in its usage context that includes interconnected systems and external services, sensors and actuators. CPSoS (Cyber-Physical System of Systems) demand innovative approaches for distributed optimization, novel distributed management and control methodologies that can also deal with partially autonomous systems, and must be resilient to faults or cyber-attacks. In addition, CPSoS engineering no longer maintains the former strict separation between the engineering phases and actual operation. Instead, integrated approaches for the design- and operation- phase are required to cover the full lifecycle by modelling, simulation, validation, and verification (V&V). Thus, prospectively, it will be necessary to monitor the system formation and to conduct a final assessment of the system by means of a suitable application of test cases in a controlled and comprehensible manner. These systems have an emerging behavior and cannot entirely defined during the design phase. At this point it becomes apparent that conventional unit, integration and system tests are no longer sufficient to fully cover and validate the functional limits of Cyber-Physical System of Systems. An acceptable test coverage cannot be achieved with these methods for such systems. In this paper the authors present a use case of collision-regulation compliance checker to compare virtual (i.e. simulation-based) V&V, physical (i.e. in-situ testing) V&V and hybrid, mixed-reality V&V.
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