{"title":"柏拉图与孟德斯鸠思想中的政体类型学:比较评价","authors":"Nikolaos Tsiros","doi":"10.30845/aijcr.v10n1p6","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"1. Without the pioneering contributions of Plato and Montesquieu in the analysis of systems of government of the historical reality, the formation of the modern political and social science would be rather impossible. First, Plato in book H of the Republic mentions four false forms of government, that is, regimes of the historic decay and four corresponding human types. The philosopher has already described in the previous books of the Republic, the framework of the rigid prerequisites concerning the moral political power so as to acquire the characteristics of the optimum republic. Nevertheless, even this transcendental structure of optimum republic has to confront its innate ontological limits from the moment it enters the social process and must materialize within it in an empirical way. Although Plato does not explain precisely the historical-type procedures that lead his optimum republic to decay, the fact remains that a degeneration of its principle core occurs in the long run, leading eventually to its final disintegration. As a consequence, the analysis of false forms of government presupposes the ongoing degeneration of the optimum republic 1 .The four forms of existing regimes, e.g. timocracy, 2 oligarchy, democracy and tyranny, are related to a downward motion of the principles in the inner part of the human soul. A certain sociology of human passions reveals the prevailing role that the material-causal definition plays in the structure as well as the inevitable destruction of the existing political formations. 2. Many centuries later, Montesquieu, as a diligent reader of Plato and Aristotle, in the first thirteen books of his Spirit of Law, assumes the task to develop the well-known theory of the three forms of government and subsequently to found what in modern scientific terms is called political sociology. The transition from the ancestral political philosophy to the actual sociology is depicted through the revelation of those inevitabilities which put in order whatever has occurred. As a result of this targeting, Montesquieu’s typology of forms of government 3 is inextricably interrelated with a theory of social causality: the variety of human passions, as reflected in the morals, customs and ideas of collective events, absorbed injust a few forms of government thus, enabling the interpretational demand of their comprehension. If and as long as the deeper reasons defining the historical event and consequently existing political formations are clarified, the analysis will proceed to a more convincing depiction of the empirical reality of thephenomenon of power.","PeriodicalId":91049,"journal":{"name":"American international journal of contemporary research","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The Typology of Regimes in the Thought of Plato and Montesquieu: A Comparative Evaluation\",\"authors\":\"Nikolaos Tsiros\",\"doi\":\"10.30845/aijcr.v10n1p6\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"1. Without the pioneering contributions of Plato and Montesquieu in the analysis of systems of government of the historical reality, the formation of the modern political and social science would be rather impossible. First, Plato in book H of the Republic mentions four false forms of government, that is, regimes of the historic decay and four corresponding human types. The philosopher has already described in the previous books of the Republic, the framework of the rigid prerequisites concerning the moral political power so as to acquire the characteristics of the optimum republic. Nevertheless, even this transcendental structure of optimum republic has to confront its innate ontological limits from the moment it enters the social process and must materialize within it in an empirical way. Although Plato does not explain precisely the historical-type procedures that lead his optimum republic to decay, the fact remains that a degeneration of its principle core occurs in the long run, leading eventually to its final disintegration. As a consequence, the analysis of false forms of government presupposes the ongoing degeneration of the optimum republic 1 .The four forms of existing regimes, e.g. timocracy, 2 oligarchy, democracy and tyranny, are related to a downward motion of the principles in the inner part of the human soul. A certain sociology of human passions reveals the prevailing role that the material-causal definition plays in the structure as well as the inevitable destruction of the existing political formations. 2. Many centuries later, Montesquieu, as a diligent reader of Plato and Aristotle, in the first thirteen books of his Spirit of Law, assumes the task to develop the well-known theory of the three forms of government and subsequently to found what in modern scientific terms is called political sociology. The transition from the ancestral political philosophy to the actual sociology is depicted through the revelation of those inevitabilities which put in order whatever has occurred. As a result of this targeting, Montesquieu’s typology of forms of government 3 is inextricably interrelated with a theory of social causality: the variety of human passions, as reflected in the morals, customs and ideas of collective events, absorbed injust a few forms of government thus, enabling the interpretational demand of their comprehension. If and as long as the deeper reasons defining the historical event and consequently existing political formations are clarified, the analysis will proceed to a more convincing depiction of the empirical reality of thephenomenon of power.\",\"PeriodicalId\":91049,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"American international journal of contemporary research\",\"volume\":\"101 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2020-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"American international journal of contemporary research\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.30845/aijcr.v10n1p6\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"American international journal of contemporary research","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.30845/aijcr.v10n1p6","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
The Typology of Regimes in the Thought of Plato and Montesquieu: A Comparative Evaluation
1. Without the pioneering contributions of Plato and Montesquieu in the analysis of systems of government of the historical reality, the formation of the modern political and social science would be rather impossible. First, Plato in book H of the Republic mentions four false forms of government, that is, regimes of the historic decay and four corresponding human types. The philosopher has already described in the previous books of the Republic, the framework of the rigid prerequisites concerning the moral political power so as to acquire the characteristics of the optimum republic. Nevertheless, even this transcendental structure of optimum republic has to confront its innate ontological limits from the moment it enters the social process and must materialize within it in an empirical way. Although Plato does not explain precisely the historical-type procedures that lead his optimum republic to decay, the fact remains that a degeneration of its principle core occurs in the long run, leading eventually to its final disintegration. As a consequence, the analysis of false forms of government presupposes the ongoing degeneration of the optimum republic 1 .The four forms of existing regimes, e.g. timocracy, 2 oligarchy, democracy and tyranny, are related to a downward motion of the principles in the inner part of the human soul. A certain sociology of human passions reveals the prevailing role that the material-causal definition plays in the structure as well as the inevitable destruction of the existing political formations. 2. Many centuries later, Montesquieu, as a diligent reader of Plato and Aristotle, in the first thirteen books of his Spirit of Law, assumes the task to develop the well-known theory of the three forms of government and subsequently to found what in modern scientific terms is called political sociology. The transition from the ancestral political philosophy to the actual sociology is depicted through the revelation of those inevitabilities which put in order whatever has occurred. As a result of this targeting, Montesquieu’s typology of forms of government 3 is inextricably interrelated with a theory of social causality: the variety of human passions, as reflected in the morals, customs and ideas of collective events, absorbed injust a few forms of government thus, enabling the interpretational demand of their comprehension. If and as long as the deeper reasons defining the historical event and consequently existing political formations are clarified, the analysis will proceed to a more convincing depiction of the empirical reality of thephenomenon of power.