Systematic Literature Review on Wheel-over Point Techniques for Efficient Ship Manoeuvre

This study aims to review the methods that can be used to identify the wheel-over point for a ship’s effective course alteration. Using the systematic literature-review technique with reference to the PRISMA model, this study was able to collate the methods identified through a thematic analysis that was appropriate to the technique’s fundamental principle. As a result, four themes were identified: ROT Turns, Fixed Radius Turns, RADAR Turns, and Fixed Rudder Angle Turns. It was also discovered that the techniques applied by mariners varied according to the navigation region. The navigation regions can be categorised into three areas, i.e. ocean navigation, coastal navigation, and harbour and confined-water navigation. The methods found in this research can be used aboard ship to aid the navigators in making more efficient course alterations for the purpose of enhancing the safety of navigation.