The research of epizootic situation of avian influenza H1N1 and H7N9 in subtypes variability on the territory of Ukraine

The epizootic situation of avian influenza in birds and humans in Ukraine, caused by subtypes A H1N1 and H7N9 is being reviewed. A comparative analysis of the existing methods for diagnosing avian influenza in birds and humans and their suitability is shown, and the variability of avian influenza genetic markers in birds and humans is determined. An epizootic situation on the prevalence of avian influenza in the world and Ukraine is presented, vari ous methods for diagnosing avian influenza virus in comparison are analyzed, the variability of genetic markers of avian influenza in the two subtypes is analyzed. It is shown that the natural reservoir of the virus and the cause of the spread of the epizootic are migratory waterfowl, which, due to their natural resistance, are the least susceptible to infection and can travel long distances during migration. According to the literature, some strains of the avian in fluenza virus, in particular H1N1 and H7N9, are unsafe for humans and often lead to death. Research data obtained from diagnostic or biological material must be confirmed by the specificity of the method and not only molecular — biological to establish their reliability. There is a need to quickly obtain research results. For successful measures that will lead to a reduction in mortality and reduce the risk of spreading the infection, it is necessary to conduct regular monitoring of the foci of infection, epidemics, as well as its timely diagnosis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which is accepted in many laboratories around the world, is of great practical importance for the diagnosis of avian influenza and other infectious diseases. However, this method requires the use of expensive equipment and consumables and for many laboratories it is an expensive and not a cost-effective method.