固态陀螺技术允许安全可靠的实时远程操作

Adrian G. Ledroz, Barry Smart, Navin. Maharaj
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摘要

在定向井中进行陀螺测量有几个原因。当磁测量受到附近井的干扰时,陀螺仪测量可以提供可靠的数据;它可以显著降低位置的不确定性,并为随钻测量提供冗余数据和粗误差检查。然而,这些工具的必要测试和处理的复杂性和范围阻碍了广泛采用,陀螺仪服务仍然局限于“必须拥有”的场景。固态技术的优势和通信能力的新发展正在逐渐改变与井筒定位相关的思维方式。第一个陀螺仪钻井工具是在21世纪初推出的,基于旋转质量陀螺仪技术。这些陀螺仪可以非常准确的低噪音水平和漂移;然而,它们很脆弱,由活动部件组成,容易受到校准变化的影响。为了获得可靠的定向测量数据,需要进行大量的作业前测试、作业执行期间的验证以及作业后的分析。固态陀螺仪在噪音和漂移方面已经达到了相同甚至更好的水平,而且没有旋转的质量陀螺仪那样的脆弱性。由于复杂程度和覆盖范围不同,远程作业已经在油田中应用多年。尽管如此,由于系统的复杂性和工作量小,避免了投资和必要流程的开发,在没有人员的情况下,采用陀螺仪监测服务的情况一直很少。固态陀螺仪技术解决了这些问题,目前已有30多个陀螺仪随钻作业成功完成。Covid-19大流行迫使操作程序发生变化,加速了对无人作业的需求,固态陀螺仪技术显示出高可靠性,并且由于工具故障或校准移位而导致的非生产时间为零。这种新的工作方式也大大减少了作业对环境的影响,因为与人员和设备相关的所有旅行都减少了,电池寿命延长了10年。在一些与井筒定位和定向钻井相关的场景中,通过在BHA中安装陀螺仪,可以大大受益。本文描述的陀螺仪技术和工作流程显示了如何可靠地做到这一点,保持调查数据的质量并减少对环境的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Solid-State Gyro Technology Allows Safe And Reliable Real-Time Remote Operations
There are several reasons for obtaining gyroscopic surveys in directional wells. A gyro measurement provides reliable data when magnetic measurements are affected by interference from nearby wells; it can significantly reduce the positional uncertainty and provides redundancy data and gross error checks on MWD surveys. However, the complexity and extent of the necessary testing and handling of the tools have prevented widespread adoption, and gyro services have remained limited to "must-have" scenarios. The benefits of solid-state technology and new developments in communication capabilities are gradually changing the way of thinking related to wellbore positioning. The first gyro while drilling tools were introduced in the early 2000s and were based on spinning mass gyro technology. These gyros can be very accurate with low noise levels and drift; however, they are fragile, built with moving parts, and susceptible to calibration shifts. Extensive pre-job testing, validation during job execution and post-job analysis are required to obtain reliable directional survey data. Solid-state gyros have reached the same, or even better, levels of noise and drift without the fragility of their spinning mass counterpart. With different degrees of complexity and coverage, remote operations have been used for many years in the oilfield. Still, the adoption of monitoring gyro services with no personnel at the rig-site has been minimal due to the described complexity of the system and the small volume of jobs that prevented investment and the development of the necessary processes. Solid-state gyro technology addresses these challenges More than 30 gyro-while-drilling jobs have successfully run remotely. The changes in operational procedures forced by the Covid-19 pandemic accelerated the demand for uncrewed operations, and solid-state gyro technology has shown high reliability with zero non-productive time due to tool failures or shifts in the calibration. This new way of working also results in a significant reduction in the environmental impact of the operations as all travel related to personnel and equipment has been reduced and battery life extended by up to 10. Several scenarios related to wellbore positioning and directional drilling greatly benefit by having a gyro in the BHA. The gyro technology and the workflow described in this paper show how this can be done reliably, maintaining the quality of the survey data and reducing the environmental impact.
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