联邦刑法与国际腐败:国际足联起诉评析

IF 0.4 Q2 Social Sciences
Jake Elijah Struebing
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引用次数: 1

摘要

最近,涉及国际足联腐败丑闻的40多名个人和实体遭到起诉,这显示出联邦刑法的适用范围之广,提出了域外管辖权和实体法的重要问题。本文认为,现行法律足以捕捉国际足联(FIFA)等国际组织中普遍存在的腐败,当他们的交易到达金融系统的国内电汇时。例如,国际足联案的主要指控就属于《受诈骗影响和腐败组织法》(RICO)。但RICO的域外适用远未成文法,诈骗罪的规模之大将对实体法产生深远影响,提出法律规范问题,对交易型犯罪模式提出挑战。此外,起诉书的上游犯罪之一是一项新的诚实服务欺诈指控,该指控涉及国际市场上信义义务的本质。本文建议法律应在国际范围内扩大对商业贿赂的信托保护,只要这些保护的价值基础符合集体共同的规范。最后,本文在全球治理和发展理论的指导下,提出了一种概念性的理解,即为什么法律应该支持国际腐败。联邦检察官越来越关注全球一体化市场的完整性,全球起诉可能具有加强威慑、分散的利益攸关方之间的政策凝聚力和加强国际行为准则的潜力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Federal Criminal Law and International Corruption: An Appraisal of the FIFA Prosecution
The recent indictment of more than 40 individuals and entities in the FIFA corruption scandal demonstrates the expansive reach of the federal criminal law, raising important questions of extraterritorial jurisdiction and substantive law. This article argues that the existing law is sufficient to capture pervasive corruption in international organizations like Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) when their transactions reach domestic wires in the financial system. The principal charge in the FIFA case, for example, falls under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO). But the extraterritorial application of RICO is far from settled law, and the dramatic scale of the racketeering conspiracy will have profound implications for the substantive law, presenting problems of legal specification and challenging the transactional model of crime. One of the indictment’s predicate offenses, moreover, is a novel honest services fraud charge that implicates the very nature of fiduciary duties in the international marketplace. This article suggests that the law should extend fiduciary protections against commercial bribery in the international sphere so long as the values underlying those protections accord with collectively shared norms. Finally, this article advances a conceptual understanding, informed by theories of global governance and development, of why the law should countenance international corruption. Federal prosecutors are becoming increasingly concerned with the integrity of globally integrated markets, and global prosecutions may carry the potential to strengthen deterrence, policy cohesion among decentralized stakeholders, and reinforce international norms of conduct.
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来源期刊
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期刊介绍: Focused on examinations of crime and punishment in domestic, transnational, and international contexts, New Criminal Law Review provides timely, innovative commentary and in-depth scholarly analyses on a wide range of criminal law topics. The journal encourages a variety of methodological and theoretical approaches and is a crucial resource for criminal law professionals in both academia and the criminal justice system. The journal publishes thematic forum sections and special issues, full-length peer-reviewed articles, book reviews, and occasional correspondence.
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