太阳能电池用塑料基板上热蒸发掺铝硅薄膜的表面形貌和光学反射

M. Z. Pakhuruddin, K. Ibrahim, M. M. Ali, A. Aziz
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摘要

众所周知,硅(Si)成本约占晶体硅(c-Si)光伏组件总生产成本的50%,降低成本的一个明显替代方案是采用更薄的c-Si,小于50 μ m[1]。但是,在这个范围内,薄膜c-Si太阳能电池的主要缺点是与体积(300µm) c-Si太阳能电池相比,效率相对较低[2]。这是因为在较低的Si厚度下,薄膜作为间接带隙半导体的光学吸收变得较差,因此需要光子和声子同时参与近带隙吸收过程[3]。较差的光学吸收将转化为由入射光子产生的较低的电子-空穴对,从而降低电极收集的输出电流。为了解决这个问题,必须提高薄膜的吸收系数。在薄膜表面必须用任何已知方法进行纹理处理的地方,必须采用有效的光捕获方案;碱性或酸性化学织构,激光退火或光刻工艺[4]。对于有纹理的表面,由于反射效应,入射的阳光(特别是光子)不会像平面或无纹理的表面那样被直接反射。相反,光子将在吸收层内多次来回弹跳,从而增加了高能光子产生电子-空穴对的机会,增加了太阳能电池的输出电流和效率[5]。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Surface morphology and optical reflection of thermally evaporated thin film al-doped silicon on plastic substrates for solar cells applications
Having known the fact that Silicon (Si) costs about 50% of the overall production costs of a crystalline Si (c-Si) PV module, an obvious alternative for cost reduction is to go for a thinner c-Si, in the order of less than 50µm [1]. But, the major drawback of the thin film c-Si solar cell in this range is its relatively low efficiency compared to its bulk (300µm) c-Si counterpart [2]. This is due to the fact that at a lower Si thickness, the optical absorption of the film becomes poorer being an indirect band gap semiconductor, hence needing both photons and phonons to be involved in near-band gap absorption processes [3]. The poor optical absorption will translate into a lower generation of electron-hole pairs by the incoming photons, thus lowering the output current collected at electrodes. In order to solve this issue, the absorption coefficient of the film has to be increased. An effective light-trapping scheme has to be employed where the film surface has to be textured by any of the known methods; alkaline or acidic chemical texturing, laser annealing or by lithography process [4]. With textured surfaces, the incoming sunlight (or specifically photons) will not be bounced-off the surface straight away due to reflection effects as what would happen to planar or untextured surfaces. Instead, the photons will be made bouncing back and forth inside the absorbing layer multiple of times hence increasing the chance for the high energy photons to generate electron-hole pairs, increasing the output current and efficiency of the solar cells [5].
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