法语、希腊语和西班牙语名词在语法上的性别对应

Maria-Sofia Sotiropoulou, Stuart Cornwell
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引用次数: 0

摘要

分析不同语言之间语法性别的对应程度,有助于理解多语思维中的语言加工过程,并指导教学方法。本研究通过考察两种罗曼语、法语、西班牙语和希腊语中名词的双语和三语语法性别对应关系,为这一问题提供了一个视角。在这里,对应是指翻译中相同意思的名词的任何性别组合。所考虑的样本包括经常说的名词、类似结尾的名词和类似发音的借用名词。计算涉及希腊名词的单数主格,有或没有中性,后者消除了法语和西班牙语中两种语法性别的缺陷,而希腊语中有三种性别。结果表明,双语和三语中女性的相似性明显大于男性的相似性,而且借用名词的相似性大于常用名词。这是因为希腊语的中性主要对应法语和西班牙语的阳性,主要是由于中性在现代罗曼语中变成了阳性。从语义学的抽象性和具体性两方面考察,可以发现名词词尾和语义学在法语、希腊语和西班牙语间语性别对应中起着重要作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Grammatical gender correspondence between French, Greek, and Spanish nouns
Analyzing the extent to which grammatical gender corresponds between languages contributes to an understanding of language processing in the multilingual mind and guides teaching and learning methods. The present study provides a perspective on this by examining the bilingual and trilingual grammatical gender correspondence between nouns of two Romance languages, French and Spanish, and Greek. Here, correspondence refers to any combination of genders for nouns of the same meaning in translation. The samples considered comprise frequently spoken nouns, nouns of similar ending, and loan nouns of similar pronunciation. Computations involve Greek nouns in singular nominative with and without neuter, the latter to eliminate the handicap of two grammatical genders in French and Spanish compared to three genders in Greek. The results reveal that bilingual and trilingual feminine similarity is considerably greater than masculine similarity, and more so for loan nouns than for frequently spoken nouns. This is because Greek neuter corresponds primarily to French and Spanish masculine, owing mainly to neuter becoming masculine in modern Romance languages. A consideration of semantics with respect to abstractness and concreteness show that noun endings as well as semantics play a significant role in interlanguage gender correspondence between French, Greek, and Spanish.
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