酶和化学酶催化的立体发散合成

Jiajing Lv, Ya-Qi Ding, Chenglong Huang, Lingling Guo, J. Fang, Xian Jia, Wenhe Zhang, Song You, Bin Qin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

当一种物质的化学结构中含有手性碳时,就会形成多个立体异构体。为了获得所需的立体异构体,20世纪70年代提出了不对称合成方法,并在本世纪初得到了迅速发展。立体发散合成是不对称合成在有机合成中的延伸,其目的是制备手性物质的所有立体异构体,具有较高的转化率和选择性,丰富了可用产物的种类,为其衍生物和其他化合物的合成提供了参考建议。由于生物催化具有经济、环保、高效、反应条件温和等突出的优点,生物催化反应被认为是进行立体发散合成的有效方法。因此,本文综述了由酶或化学酶催化的含有两个或三个手性碳的化合物,即最多存在四个或八个立体异构体的立体发散合成。讨论了取代基酮还原反应、环化反应、烯烃加成反应和非氧化还原酯交换反应等反应类型,以了解生物催化在立体分散合成中的进展和应用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Enzyme- and Chemo-enzyme-Catalyzed Stereodivergent Synthesis
Multiple stereoisomers can be found when a substance contains chiral carbons in its chemical structure. To obtain the desired stereoisomers, asymmetric synthesis was proposed in the 1970s and developed rapidly at the beginning of this century. Stereodivergent synthesis, an extension of asymmetric synthesis in organic synthesis with the hope to produce all stereoisomers of chiral substances in high conversion and selectivity, enriches the variety of available products and serves as a reference suggestion for the synthesis of their derivatives and other compounds. Since biocatalysis has outstanding advantages of economy, environmental friendliness, high efficiency, and reaction at mild conditions, the biocatalytic reaction is regarded as an efficient strategy to perform stereodivergent synthesis. Thus, in this review, we summarize the stereodivergent synthesis catalyzed by enzymes or chemo-enzymes in cases where a compound contains two or three chiral carbons, i.e., at most four or eight stereoisomers are present. The types of reactions, including reduction of substituent ketones, cyclization reactions, olefin addition, and nonredox transesterification reactions, are also discussed for the understanding of the progress and application of biocatalysis in stereodivergent synthesis.
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