Influence of fertilization on the crop rotation productivity and the balance of essential nutrients in the soil

The article shows the influence of different rates and combinations of mineral fertilizers on the balance of essential nutrients in the four-field crop rotation (winter wheat, corn, spring barley, and soybean) during eight years in the context of incorporation into the soil or removal of a non-commercial part of the yield of the field. The stationary field experiment was performed on the black podzolized heavy loamy soil of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe. The experiment scheme included 11 variants of combinations and separate applications of mineral fertilizers as well as control variants without fertilization. It has been established that in the annual removal of nutrients together with grain harvest nitrogen makes up the biggest share (64.4–149.9 kg hа-1), then phosphorus – 21.1–51.4 kg hа-1 depending on the fertilizing in the crop rotation. The variant of the experiment N110P60K40 provides the optimal intensity of the balance of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (103, 122, and 111%, respectively) when a non- marketable part of the yield is left for fertilizing in the field. When this part of the yield is removed from the field there is a deficit balance of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium with the intensity (76, 76, 61%, respectively) even in the variant with the annual average application of N110P60K80. The use of non-marketable agricultural products in crop rotation for fertilization and the average annual application of N110P30–60K40–80 allows compensation for the losses of nitrogen 24%, phosphorus 33%, and potassium 71%