Introduction: Freedom of Religion or Belief as a Human Right

Human rights remain a contested issue in theory and practice. Several scholars have criticized their theoretical underpinnings, and practitioners struggle to enforce these rights. The right to freedom of religion or belief is an integral part of the international human rights framework and, as such, has been criticized alongside human rights in general. Not only that, the right to freedom of religion or belief has been decried or ignored by some human rights defenders, while it has also been mishandled by groups aiming to undermine other human rights. Put simply, freedom of religion or belief is contentious right within the widely challenged field of human rights. Still, we believe that freedom of religion or belief is an inalienable human right, and in this introductory article we present a summary of a diverse range of actors that have in various ways defended this right in their own capacity, all around the world.