{"title":"相关系、反应序列和岩石年代学","authors":"C. Yakymchuk, C. Clark, R. White","doi":"10.2138/RMG.2017.83.2","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"At the core of petrochronology is the relationship between geochronology and the petrological evolution of major mineral assemblages. The focus of this chapter is on outlining some of the available strategies to link inferred reaction sequences and microstructures in metamorphic rocks to the ages obtained from geochronology of accessory minerals and datable major minerals. Reaction sequences and mineral assemblages in metamorphic rocks are primarily a function of pressure ( P ), temperature ( T ) and bulk composition ( X ). Several of the major rock-forming minerals are particularly sensitive to changes in P–T (e.g., garnet, staurolite, biotite, plagioclase), but their direct geochronology is challenging and in many cases not currently possible. One exception is garnet, which can be dated using Sm–Nd and Lu–Hf geochronology (e.g., Baxter et al. 2013). Accessory mineral chronometers such as zircon, monazite, xenotime, titanite and rutile are stable over a relatively wide range of P–T conditions and can incorporate enough U and/or Th to be dated using U–Th–Pb geochronology. Therefore, linking the growth of P–T sensitive major minerals to accessory and/or major mineral chronometers is essential for determining a metamorphic P–T–t history, which is itself critical for understanding metamorphic rocks and the geodynamic processes that produce them (e.g., England and Thompson 1984; McClelland and Lapen 2013; Brown 2014).\n\nLinking the ages obtained from accessory and major minerals with the growth and breakdown of the important P–T sensitive minerals requires an understanding of the metamorphic reaction sequences for a particular bulk rock composition along a well-constrained P–T evolution. 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引用次数: 89
摘要
岩石年代学的核心是地质年代学与主要矿物组合的岩石学演化之间的关系。本章的重点是概述一些可用的策略,将推断的变质岩反应序列和微观结构与从副矿物和可测定的主要矿物的地质年代学获得的年龄联系起来。变质岩中的反应序列和矿物组合主要是压力(P)、温度(T)和体积成分(X)的函数。一些主要的造岩矿物对P-T的变化特别敏感(例如,石榴石、橄榄石、黑云母、斜长石),但它们的直接地质年代学具有挑战性,而且在许多情况下目前还不可能。一个例外是石榴石,它可以使用Sm-Nd和Lu-Hf地质年代学来确定年代(例如,Baxter et al. 2013)。辅助矿物计时器,如锆石、独居石、xenotime、钛矿和金红石,在相对广泛的P-T条件下是稳定的,并且可以包含足够的U和/或Th,可以使用U - Th - pb地质年代学进行定年。因此,将P-T敏感主要矿物的生长与辅助和/或主要矿物时计联系起来对于确定变质P-T - t历史是必不可少的,这本身对于理解变质岩和产生它们的地球动力学过程至关重要(例如,England和Thompson 1984;McClelland and Lapen 2013;布朗2014)。将从副矿物和主要矿物获得的年龄与重要的P-T敏感矿物的生长和分解联系起来,需要了解特定大块岩石组成的变质反应序列,并遵循良好的P-T演化。幸运的是,研究最广泛的变质原岩(例如,泥岩、灰岩、玄武岩)的相关系和反应序列可以使用定量相平衡正演模拟来确定(例如,Powell和Holland 2008)。大型化学系统中主要变质矿物的综合活动-组成模型(例如,White et al. 2014a)允许…
Phase Relations, Reaction Sequences and Petrochronology
At the core of petrochronology is the relationship between geochronology and the petrological evolution of major mineral assemblages. The focus of this chapter is on outlining some of the available strategies to link inferred reaction sequences and microstructures in metamorphic rocks to the ages obtained from geochronology of accessory minerals and datable major minerals. Reaction sequences and mineral assemblages in metamorphic rocks are primarily a function of pressure ( P ), temperature ( T ) and bulk composition ( X ). Several of the major rock-forming minerals are particularly sensitive to changes in P–T (e.g., garnet, staurolite, biotite, plagioclase), but their direct geochronology is challenging and in many cases not currently possible. One exception is garnet, which can be dated using Sm–Nd and Lu–Hf geochronology (e.g., Baxter et al. 2013). Accessory mineral chronometers such as zircon, monazite, xenotime, titanite and rutile are stable over a relatively wide range of P–T conditions and can incorporate enough U and/or Th to be dated using U–Th–Pb geochronology. Therefore, linking the growth of P–T sensitive major minerals to accessory and/or major mineral chronometers is essential for determining a metamorphic P–T–t history, which is itself critical for understanding metamorphic rocks and the geodynamic processes that produce them (e.g., England and Thompson 1984; McClelland and Lapen 2013; Brown 2014).
Linking the ages obtained from accessory and major minerals with the growth and breakdown of the important P–T sensitive minerals requires an understanding of the metamorphic reaction sequences for a particular bulk rock composition along a well-constrained P–T evolution. Fortunately, the phase relations and reaction sequences for the most widely studied metamorphic protoliths (e.g., pelites, greywackes, basalts) can be determined using quantitative phase equilibria forward modelling (e.g., Powell and Holland 2008). Comprehensive activity–composition models of the major metamorphic minerals in large chemical systems (e.g., White et al. 2014a) allow …
期刊介绍:
RiMG is a series of multi-authored, soft-bound volumes containing concise reviews of the literature and advances in theoretical and/or applied mineralogy, crystallography, petrology, and geochemistry. The content of each volume consists of fully developed text which can be used for self-study, research, or as a text-book for graduate-level courses. RiMG volumes are typically produced in conjunction with a short course but can also be published without a short course. The series is jointly published by the Mineralogical Society of America (MSA) and the Geochemical Society.