Defining microgrids: from technology to law

‘Microgrid’ is a broad concept that is not determined by a single technical definition. This fact is reflected in the academic literature, which agrees that there is no universal definition of microgrids. While this broad understanding might be beneficial for allowing a broad variety of microgrids, from a legal perspective the absence of a common understanding constitutes a barrier to the development of microgrids. Therefore, this article builds upon an extensive literature review to isolate the most salient characteristics of microgrids and proposes a few key elements that any legal definition of microgrids should include, primarily for the European Union’s legal framework, but also applicable to other jurisdictions. It also provides preliminary advice for a legal regime for microgrids that would allow adapting their organisation in terms of ownership and operation to the local context.