Conception and design of novel lumbar drain insertion simulator

Lumbar drain insertion is a common procedure that is performed by anaesthesiologists, radiologists and neurosurgeons that is generally taught through supervised learning that can place patients at risk. We describe in detail the creation and considerations of a novel lumbar drain simulator designed to allow learners to rehearse the complete lumbar drain insertion procedure from start to finish. A lumbar drain simulator was designed with the goal of simulating drain placement on a patient including identifying physical landmarks, sterile field preparation, technical steps of the procedure, troubleshooting and securing and connecting the drainage system. Emphasis was placed on simulating the structural components of the anatomic compartments encountered during needle insertion and accurate reproduction of the tactile aspects of the procedure. The simulator is able to reproduce the critical aspects of drain placement, allowing for learners to practice a complete lumbar drain placement from start to finish. A complete simulation of lumbar drain placement can be created that allows learners to practise all aspects of the lumbar drain procedure. Learners can rehearse all steps of the procedure allowing them to be more confident and facile with the procedure, which can lead to improved patient safety and satisfaction.