多材料激光粉末床熔合界面力学和微观结构的实验研究进展

IF 2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL
Ziheng Wu, A. E. Wilson-Heid, R. J. Griffiths, Eric S. Elton
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引用次数: 1

摘要

增材制造是一项革命性的技术。其中一个关键的增材制造类别,基于金属粉末的融合工艺,与制造结构材料的传统方法相比具有许多优点,例如允许增加几何复杂性。虽然单材料金属粉末增材制造在过去十年中取得了显着进展,但由于最近在多材料原料输送方面的突破以及制造功能梯度部件的兴趣日益浓厚,多材料增材制造正逐渐引起更多关注。多材料增材制造为需要依赖于位置的材料特性和高几何复杂性的应用提供了另一种途径。AM社区已经发明了几种方法来实现二维和三维的成分梯度和离散边界,使用机械扩散、喷嘴、电子摄影和混合技术。本文综述了基于激光粉末床熔融的金属多材料增材制造的研究现状,重点介绍了材料界面的特点以及增材制造功能梯度材料的性能和性能。我们展示了与材料转变相关的共同挑战和问题,例如缺陷,偏析,相分离,以及一些潜在解决方案的有效性,包括材料和工艺优化。此外,本研究还评估了现有测试标准和方法在测量功能梯度材料力学性能方面的适用性和局限性。最后,我们讨论了机械测试的发展机会,这可以帮助多材料增材制造走向更高的技术成熟度。总的来说,我们发现梯度微观结构和力学性能之间的联系还没有得到很好的理解或研究,并建议进行一些力学测试,以更好地了解这一知识差距。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A review on experimentally observed mechanical and microstructural characteristics of interfaces in multi-material laser powder bed fusion
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a revolutionary technology. One of the key AM categories, metal powder-based fusion processes, has many advantages compared to conventional methods for fabricating structural materials, such as permitting increased geometric complexity. While single material metal powder AM has advanced significantly in the past decade, multi-material AM is gradually attracting more attention owing to the recent breakthrough in multi-material feedstock delivery and the growing interest of fabricating functionally graded components. Multi-material AM offers an alternative route for applications that require location dependent material properties and high geometrical complexity. The AM community has invented several ways to achieve compositional gradients and discrete boundaries in two and three dimensions using mechanical spreading, nozzle-based, electrophotographic, and hybrid techniques. This article reviews the current state of laser powder bed fusion based multi-material AM of metals with focuses on the characteristics of the material interface as well as the properties and performance of the AM built functionally graded materials. We show the common challenges and issues related to material transitions, such as defects, segregation, phase separation, and the efficacy of some potential solutions including material and process optimizations. Additionally, this study evaluates the applicability and limitations of the existing testing standards and methods for measuring mechanical performance of functionally graded materials. Finally, we discuss mechanical testing development opportunities, which can help multi-material AM move towards higher technological maturity. In general, we find that the link between gradient microstructure and mechanical properties is not well understood or studied and suggest several mechanical tests that may better inform this knowledge gap.
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来源期刊
Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering
Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering Engineering-Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
CiteScore
4.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
115
审稿时长
14 weeks
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