γ辐射诱导玉米减数分裂异常的研究

Mushtaq Ahmad Khah, R. Verma, Rakesh Purbiya
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引用次数: 0

摘要

玉米(Zea mays L.)是一种重要的谷类作物,有2n = 20条染色体。为了评估辐照效果,在孟买BARC用5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40和50kR 9种不同的辐照剂量处理玉米干种子。伽玛辐照后的种子后代表现出广泛的减数分裂异常,最常见的是滞后染色体、染色体粘连、多价、无取向二价、桥和微核。其他已发现的畸变包括染色体散射、单价性、极性紊乱和染色体过早运动。这些减数分裂畸变的频谱在中期高于后期/末期。畸变的发生频率与辐照剂量的增加呈正相关。此外,γ辐照剂量也降低了种子的发芽率和成活率。发现20-30kR的辐照剂量有利于产生快速的细胞遗传变异和平均致死率,这可能有利于未来的细胞学和突变育种计划。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Assessment of meiotic abnormalities induced by gamma irradiations in Zea mays L. (Poaceae)
Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal crop with 2n = 20 chromosomes. For assessing irradiation effects, dry seeds of maize were treated with nine different irradiation doses viz., 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 50kR at BARC, Mumbai. The gamma irradiated seed progenies displayed a wide spectrum of meiotic anomalies, the most being lagging chromosomes, chromosome stickiness, multivalents, unoriented bivalents, bridges and micronuclei. Other aberrations identified include chromosome scattering, univalents, disturbed polarity and precocious chromosome movement. The spectrum of these meiotic aberrations was found higher at metaphase than anaphase/telophase. Also, the frequency of aberrations showed positive correlation with the increasing gamma irradiation dose. In addition, gamma irradiation doses decreased germination and survival percentage as well. The irradiation doses ranging from 20-30kR were found beneficial in producing rapid cytogenetic variations and average lethality which could be beneficial in future cytological and mutation breeding programmes.
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