复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病:当前问题(综述)

Nataliia Ratushniak, Aurika Sukhanova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病(RVVC)是当今一个普遍存在的问题。该病的症状大大降低了妇女的生活质量。这是寻求医疗帮助的常见原因。阴道念珠菌病的临床表现是非特异性的。最常见的诊断方法——阴道分泌物显微镜检查,并不总是能提供足够的信息。在念珠菌病的病原中,白色念珠菌和非白色念珠菌在世界不同地区的流行程度不同。由于抗真菌药物的广泛应用,抗真菌药物的耐药性正在增加。感染RVVK的危险因素有:抗生素治疗、免疫缺陷、胃肠道疾病、避孕药、皮质类固醇、妇女荷尔蒙失调、过敏性疾病。最近的研究表明,念珠菌病的多因素原因,特别是不平衡的阴道菌群组成和遗传易感性。对抗真菌药物的耐药性正在增加,尤其是对临床最常用的氟康唑的耐药性。免疫调节机制的作用反映在阴道免疫活性的降低上。有报道称,在RVVC女性中,toll样受体(TLR)基因发生了变化。此外,交叉素可导致阴道炎症过程延长。目前,甘露糖结合凝集素基因多态性在女性RVVK患者中的相关研究课题。这些变化可能是复发的一个原因。甘露糖结合凝集素的检测是一个有前景的研究领域。科学界对这种病理的研究越来越感兴趣。在出版物中描述了RVVK的诊断,病原体的物种组成,危险因素,激素的影响和遗传易感性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
RECURRENT VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS: CURRENT ISSUES (A REVIEW)
Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) is a widespread problem for today. Symptoms of the disease significantly reduce women life quality. It is common reason for medical help. Clinical sings of vaginal candidiasis are nonspecific. The most common method of diagnosis - microscopy of vaginal discharge, does not always provide enough information. Among the causative agents of candidiasis, Candida albicans and Candida nonalbicans have different prevalence in different regions of the world.Resistance to antifungal drugs is increasing due to it widespread applying.Risk factors for RVVK are: antibiotic therapy, immunodeficiency conditions, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, contraceptives, corticosteroids, hormonal disorders of women, allergic diseases. Recent studies indicate the multifactorial cause of candidiasis, especially the imbalanced composition of the vaginal microflora and genetic predisposition. Resistance to antifungal drugs is increasing, especially to Fluconazole, that is most often applied in clinical practice.The role of immunoregulatory mechanisms is reflected in the reduced activity of immunity in the vagina. Changes in Tol-like receptor (TLR) genes have been reported in women with RVVC. Also, interlexins can lead to a prolonged inflammatory process in the vagina. Currently, polymorphism of the mannose-binding lectin gene in women with RVVK relevant topic for research. That changes may be a reasone of recurrence.Determination of mannose-binding lectin for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes is promising research area. There is increasing scientific interest in the study of this pathology. In publication described diagnosis of RVVK, the species composition of the pathogen, risk factors, impact of hormones and genetic predisposition.
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来源期刊
Pharmacy World & Science
Pharmacy World & Science 医学-药学
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