世界各国贫困研究的特殊性

IF 0.5 Q4 ECONOMICS
R. Kliuchnyk, E. Lymonova
{"title":"世界各国贫困研究的特殊性","authors":"R. Kliuchnyk, E. Lymonova","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2022-2-57-2","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The article attempts to generalize some features of the study of poverty in the modern world. The use of various indicators that demonstrate the level of poverty has been shown. It has been explained that GDP per capita is one of the most accurate ways of assessing the economic development of the state. It has been demonstrated that all the poorest countries are located on the African continent. Almost all of them used to be colonies of European empires, and now they face political instability, civil wars, natural disasters, etc. These problems have been considered on the examples of Niger and Egypt. Another indicator of poverty is the percentage of people living below the poverty line. The difficulty of using this indicator is that national poverty lines in different countries can differ significantly. According to this indicator, 8 African and 2 Latin American countries (Guatemala and Haiti) are in the top ten. The Global Hunger Index (GHI) has been considered, according to which African countries and Syria are among the top ten starving countries. It should be noted that for some countries there is very little data on the number and share of the hungry. When studying the situation in some countries (North Korea, Turkmenistan, Somalia, etc.), it should be borne in mind that the governments of these countries do not always publish real official statistics, and those data that get into the mass media are not always true. It has been proven that the Human Development Index (HDI) is an integrated indicator that can be used to study the problem of poverty. It has been shown that 10 countries with the lowest HDI are located in Africa. Their place in this ranking is influenced not only by material factors, but also by the average life expectancy and education. Africa is still a continent with a large number of illiterate people. The Corruption Perceptions Index is also important for the study of poverty, because corruption slows down reforms and harms transparent market relations. Therefore, it becomes one of the factors of poverty. Using the statistics provided by Transparency International, we have found out that the most corrupt countries are more evenly distributed around the globe, among them are not only African ones, but also Asian and Latin American states. It can be summarized that the nature of poverty is different in the developed and developing countries. In the developing countries, natural conditions, peculiarities of the organization of socioeconomic life, the political system and even the personality of political leaders are important. In the developed countries, poverty is mostly a consequence of individual psychological characteristics, behaviour, specific life circumstances, etc. In these countries, poverty can be easily overcome.","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5000,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"THE PECULIARITIES OF POVERTY RESEARCH IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD\",\"authors\":\"R. Kliuchnyk, E. Lymonova\",\"doi\":\"10.32342/2074-5354-2022-2-57-2\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The article attempts to generalize some features of the study of poverty in the modern world. The use of various indicators that demonstrate the level of poverty has been shown. It has been explained that GDP per capita is one of the most accurate ways of assessing the economic development of the state. It has been demonstrated that all the poorest countries are located on the African continent. Almost all of them used to be colonies of European empires, and now they face political instability, civil wars, natural disasters, etc. These problems have been considered on the examples of Niger and Egypt. Another indicator of poverty is the percentage of people living below the poverty line. The difficulty of using this indicator is that national poverty lines in different countries can differ significantly. According to this indicator, 8 African and 2 Latin American countries (Guatemala and Haiti) are in the top ten. The Global Hunger Index (GHI) has been considered, according to which African countries and Syria are among the top ten starving countries. It should be noted that for some countries there is very little data on the number and share of the hungry. When studying the situation in some countries (North Korea, Turkmenistan, Somalia, etc.), it should be borne in mind that the governments of these countries do not always publish real official statistics, and those data that get into the mass media are not always true. It has been proven that the Human Development Index (HDI) is an integrated indicator that can be used to study the problem of poverty. It has been shown that 10 countries with the lowest HDI are located in Africa. Their place in this ranking is influenced not only by material factors, but also by the average life expectancy and education. Africa is still a continent with a large number of illiterate people. The Corruption Perceptions Index is also important for the study of poverty, because corruption slows down reforms and harms transparent market relations. Therefore, it becomes one of the factors of poverty. Using the statistics provided by Transparency International, we have found out that the most corrupt countries are more evenly distributed around the globe, among them are not only African ones, but also Asian and Latin American states. It can be summarized that the nature of poverty is different in the developed and developing countries. In the developing countries, natural conditions, peculiarities of the organization of socioeconomic life, the political system and even the personality of political leaders are important. In the developed countries, poverty is mostly a consequence of individual psychological characteristics, behaviour, specific life circumstances, etc. In these countries, poverty can be easily overcome.\",\"PeriodicalId\":43307,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW\",\"volume\":\"74 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-11-25\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2022-2-57-2\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"ECONOMICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2022-2-57-2","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"ECONOMICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

摘要

本文试图概括现代世界贫困研究的一些特点。已经说明了使用各种指标来显示贫穷程度。有人解释说,人均国内生产总值是评估一个国家经济发展的最准确的方法之一。事实证明,所有最贫穷的国家都位于非洲大陆。几乎所有这些国家都曾经是欧洲帝国的殖民地,现在他们面临着政治不稳定、内战、自然灾害等。以尼日尔和埃及为例审议了这些问题。贫困的另一个指标是生活在贫困线以下的人口百分比。使用这一指标的困难之处在于,不同国家的国家贫困线可能差别很大。根据这一指标,8个非洲国家和2个拉丁美洲国家(危地马拉和海地)名列前十。全球饥饿指数(GHI)已被考虑,根据该指数,非洲国家和叙利亚位列十大饥饿国家之列。应该指出的是,有些国家很少有关于饥饿人数和比例的数据。在研究一些国家(朝鲜、土库曼斯坦、索马里等)的情况时,应该记住,这些国家的政府并不总是公布真正的官方统计数据,而那些进入大众媒体的数据并不总是真实的。事实证明,人类发展指数(HDI)是一个可以用来研究贫困问题的综合指标。研究表明,人类发展指数最低的10个国家位于非洲。这些国家的排名不仅受到物质因素的影响,还受到平均预期寿命和教育程度的影响。非洲仍然是一个有大量文盲的大陆。清廉指数对研究贫困也很重要,因为腐败会减缓改革,损害透明的市场关系。因此,它成为贫困的因素之一。根据透明国际提供的统计数据,我们发现全球最腐败的国家分布更为均匀,其中不仅包括非洲国家,还包括亚洲和拉丁美洲国家。可以概括地说,发达国家和发展中国家的贫困性质是不同的。在发展中国家,自然条件、社会经济生活组织的特点、政治制度甚至政治领导人的个性都是重要的。在发达国家,贫穷主要是个人心理特征、行为、具体生活环境等的结果。在这些国家,贫困很容易克服。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
THE PECULIARITIES OF POVERTY RESEARCH IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD
The article attempts to generalize some features of the study of poverty in the modern world. The use of various indicators that demonstrate the level of poverty has been shown. It has been explained that GDP per capita is one of the most accurate ways of assessing the economic development of the state. It has been demonstrated that all the poorest countries are located on the African continent. Almost all of them used to be colonies of European empires, and now they face political instability, civil wars, natural disasters, etc. These problems have been considered on the examples of Niger and Egypt. Another indicator of poverty is the percentage of people living below the poverty line. The difficulty of using this indicator is that national poverty lines in different countries can differ significantly. According to this indicator, 8 African and 2 Latin American countries (Guatemala and Haiti) are in the top ten. The Global Hunger Index (GHI) has been considered, according to which African countries and Syria are among the top ten starving countries. It should be noted that for some countries there is very little data on the number and share of the hungry. When studying the situation in some countries (North Korea, Turkmenistan, Somalia, etc.), it should be borne in mind that the governments of these countries do not always publish real official statistics, and those data that get into the mass media are not always true. It has been proven that the Human Development Index (HDI) is an integrated indicator that can be used to study the problem of poverty. It has been shown that 10 countries with the lowest HDI are located in Africa. Their place in this ranking is influenced not only by material factors, but also by the average life expectancy and education. Africa is still a continent with a large number of illiterate people. The Corruption Perceptions Index is also important for the study of poverty, because corruption slows down reforms and harms transparent market relations. Therefore, it becomes one of the factors of poverty. Using the statistics provided by Transparency International, we have found out that the most corrupt countries are more evenly distributed around the globe, among them are not only African ones, but also Asian and Latin American states. It can be summarized that the nature of poverty is different in the developed and developing countries. In the developing countries, natural conditions, peculiarities of the organization of socioeconomic life, the political system and even the personality of political leaders are important. In the developed countries, poverty is mostly a consequence of individual psychological characteristics, behaviour, specific life circumstances, etc. In these countries, poverty can be easily overcome.
求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW
EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW ECONOMICS-
自引率
0.00%
发文量
32
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信