Irrigation Water Management of Canola Crop under Surface and Subsurface Drip Irrigation Systems at Toshka Area. Egypt.

Experiments were conducted at South Valley Agricultural Research Station,Toshka Aswan Governorate, during the 2020 and 2021 seasons. An attempt to reach the highest efficiency of irrigation water use and the maximum response of an economical oil crop to modern irrigation systems anddeficit irrigationin the canola crop. Results of the values of ET o through the canola growing season were 839.88 mm/season. Reference evapotranspiration (ET o ) measured for sowing and harvest were 211.03 mm and 156.6 mm. The total water requirements (m 3 /fed.) were 2573.4, 2058.7 and 1544.0 under 100%, 80% and 60%, respectively. According to the findings, the dry zone began with soil in subsurface drip (SSI 223 ) and expanded as the drip line depth & deficit irrigation rose more so than surface drip (SI 11 ). Additionally, the highest yield of seeds, oil, protein (kg/fed.) and irrigation water productivity are the results of 100% water requirements under various treatments. Meanwhile, the application of 60 % water requirements under different treatments gave the lowest ones. The maximum seed, oil, and protein yield were achieved for the SI 11 treatment, which was higher by 98.1%, 97.7% and 99.2% as compared with (SSI 223 ) treatment, respectively. The water use efficiency of canola was highest in SI 11 treatment (0.368 kg/m 3 ). But lowest value in SSI 223 was 0.011 kg/m 3 . Therefore, it is clear from the results that SSI 223 used less water as compared to SI 11 but SI 11 treatment gave higher yield and water used efficiency than those different treatments.