A Comprehensive Review on Role of Nutrition in Management of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent malignancy in women and the second most common cause of cancer worldwide. There’s a lot of evidence that lifestyle factors including food, body weight, and physical activity are linked to a higher risk of breast cancer. Several bioactive food ingredients, including both essential and non-essential nutrients, can change gene expression profiles. Consequently, nutrigenomics provides information on the effects of consumed nutrients and other food components on gene regulation and transcription factors, i.e., diet-gene interaction, to find dietetic components that are beneficial or damaging to one’s health. Biological processes such as epigenetics, transcriptomics, and proteomics influence nutritional genomics (nutrigenomics), which is the junction of health, food, and genomics. As a result, it will help to determine unique nutritional requirements based on a person’s genetic composition (personalized diet), and also the link between diet and chronic diseases such as cancer, opening up new avenues for a better understanding of the impacts of breast cancer and its management. Chemotherapy or radiotherapy patients with BC experience a variety of symptoms that influence their quality of life. According to research studies on nutritional therapy during BC treatment, nutritional counseling and supplementation with certain dietary elements may be useful in reducing drug-induced side effects and increasing therapeutic efficacy. As a result, nutritional control in BC patients may be considered a critical component of a multimodal treatment strategy. The goal of this review is to give a summary of the existing research on the association between dietary variables and BC.