三种不同类型GIC的氟释放能力评价:体外研究

R. Singh
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The most important fluoride release took place during the first 24 hours. It then gradually increased and became constant during the following days of the study. Our results in the first 24hrs demonstrated that the concentrations of fluorine ions released were insignificantly higher in all three groups. But release of fluoride is comparatively lower in FX-II than GC-9 and Ketac molar.There is considerable increase in fluoride release was seen in all three groups in at 7 th day. Though FX-II has maintained lower release compared to GC-9 and Ketac molar. Over all release of fluoride is diminished at the 28 th day Introduction Fluoride gives hardness and durability to the tooth and protects it against caries. It has been successful to add fluoride to the tooth enamel in a soluble and absorbable form.” Erhad`t 1874. Low concentrations of fluoride have a beneficial effect on dental hard tissues and in the prevention of caries. However, after fluoride treatments, salivary fluoride concentrations decrease to very low concentrations within a few hours. Therefore, fluoride releasing dental materials can be alternative systems in order to maintain long-term fluoride release in the oral environment. The anticariogenic effects of fluoride may be due to several mechanisms. Fluoride taken up by the tooth reduces demineralization and enhances remineralization. Fluoride ions also play a role in the interference of pellicle and plaque formation and the inhibition of microbial growth. Many authors suggest that fluoride in low concentrations is necessary in oral fluids in order to decrease caries incidence.4-6 Caries incidence decrease is due to a reduction in enamel solubility to FLUORIDE RELEASE ABILITY OF THREE DIFFERENT TYPES OF GIC 3(1);2017 22 Journal Of Applied Dental and Medical Sciences 3(1);2017 oral acids, as well as inhibition of bacterial enzymes elicited by the fluoride. One of the common causes for the post-operative failure of restorations is secondary or recurrent caries. It is a well-established fact that the incidence and severity of secondary caries are reduced around restorations that release fluoride. The leached fluoride acts as a topical application to increase the fluoride content of the surrounding tooth structure, thereby minimizing caries by forming fluorapatite crystals, which are more resistant to acid attack. The ability of glass ionomer cements (GIC’s) to release fluoride has been known for some 20 years and has been a significant factor in their increasing use in dentistry The fluoride release of glass ionomers depends on the type of glass ionomer, the initial fluoride content of the glass, mixing and setting times, and pH changes in the environment. Studies have also shown that glass ionomers take up fluorides, which are lost from leaching in the oral environment and release it again in a dynamic process, thereby enabling the material to be looked upon as a “re-chargeable slow-release fluoride system.” The presence of fluoride in the oral environment thus guarantees long-term fluoride release, from these restorations in the oral cavity the fluoride binds chemically to the glass ionomer and it gradually releases it, and a continuous release uptake process thereby occurs. Two big disadvantages of the conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) are its opaqueness that gives it poor esthetics and poor edge strength. Hence, modifications of GICs are being introduced to overcome the deficiency. Some of the modifications are the resin-modified GICs, compomer, Type VII, IX GP.Certain intrinsic variables are involved in the fluoride release process. They are mainly determined by the way the cement is manufactured: the composition of the aluminumsilicate glass and polyalkenoic acid, the size of the powder particle, the relative proportion of components (glass/polyacid/tartaric acid/water) in the mixed cement, and finally, the mixing process. When the components of the glass ionomer are mixed, they experience a reaction involving neutralization of acid groups elicited by the solid base of the glass powder. Important amounts of fluoride are released during the mixing process and after the reaction: this release is higher during the first days. Studies have shown that GICs are the most effective fluorine-releasing materials. Considering the importance of fluoride release and the significant role it plays in caries resistance and reducing its progression, the following study was conducted to evaluate the fluoride release and uptake from different types of GIC. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Ten specimens were made for each of the following three materials and were grouped as Group IGlass ionomer cement (GC-9, Gold label), Group II: Ketac Molar (3M) and Group III: Glass Ionomer FX-II","PeriodicalId":22708,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the Indian Prosthodontic Society","volume":"55 1","pages":"S7 - S7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Evaluation of fluroride release ability of three different types of GIC:An in Vitro Study\",\"authors\":\"R. Singh\",\"doi\":\"10.4103/0972-4052.306358\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Statement of problem: Secondary caries are the prime concern after the restoration and tooth receiving crown. As time progresses the chances of secondary caries increases if suitable restorative material is not used. Aim of the study : This study evaluate the fluoride releasing ability of three different types of Glass Ionomer formulation including Glass Ionomer cement(GC-9, Gold lable), Glass Ionomer FX-II (shofuJapan), Ketac Molar(3M). Methodology : A total of 10 cylindrical specimen for each of 3 materials were prepared followed by manufacturer instructions & immersed independently in 25 ml of artificial saliva & stored as group-1 to 3. The Fluoride release was evaluated on 1 st , 7 th & 28 th day using fluoride ion specific electrode. Summary of Result : Our study showed that all 3 types of glass-ionomer cements released fluoride. The most important fluoride release took place during the first 24 hours. It then gradually increased and became constant during the following days of the study. Our results in the first 24hrs demonstrated that the concentrations of fluorine ions released were insignificantly higher in all three groups. But release of fluoride is comparatively lower in FX-II than GC-9 and Ketac molar.There is considerable increase in fluoride release was seen in all three groups in at 7 th day. Though FX-II has maintained lower release compared to GC-9 and Ketac molar. Over all release of fluoride is diminished at the 28 th day Introduction Fluoride gives hardness and durability to the tooth and protects it against caries. It has been successful to add fluoride to the tooth enamel in a soluble and absorbable form.” Erhad`t 1874. Low concentrations of fluoride have a beneficial effect on dental hard tissues and in the prevention of caries. However, after fluoride treatments, salivary fluoride concentrations decrease to very low concentrations within a few hours. Therefore, fluoride releasing dental materials can be alternative systems in order to maintain long-term fluoride release in the oral environment. The anticariogenic effects of fluoride may be due to several mechanisms. Fluoride taken up by the tooth reduces demineralization and enhances remineralization. Fluoride ions also play a role in the interference of pellicle and plaque formation and the inhibition of microbial growth. Many authors suggest that fluoride in low concentrations is necessary in oral fluids in order to decrease caries incidence.4-6 Caries incidence decrease is due to a reduction in enamel solubility to FLUORIDE RELEASE ABILITY OF THREE DIFFERENT TYPES OF GIC 3(1);2017 22 Journal Of Applied Dental and Medical Sciences 3(1);2017 oral acids, as well as inhibition of bacterial enzymes elicited by the fluoride. One of the common causes for the post-operative failure of restorations is secondary or recurrent caries. It is a well-established fact that the incidence and severity of secondary caries are reduced around restorations that release fluoride. The leached fluoride acts as a topical application to increase the fluoride content of the surrounding tooth structure, thereby minimizing caries by forming fluorapatite crystals, which are more resistant to acid attack. The ability of glass ionomer cements (GIC’s) to release fluoride has been known for some 20 years and has been a significant factor in their increasing use in dentistry The fluoride release of glass ionomers depends on the type of glass ionomer, the initial fluoride content of the glass, mixing and setting times, and pH changes in the environment. 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They are mainly determined by the way the cement is manufactured: the composition of the aluminumsilicate glass and polyalkenoic acid, the size of the powder particle, the relative proportion of components (glass/polyacid/tartaric acid/water) in the mixed cement, and finally, the mixing process. When the components of the glass ionomer are mixed, they experience a reaction involving neutralization of acid groups elicited by the solid base of the glass powder. Important amounts of fluoride are released during the mixing process and after the reaction: this release is higher during the first days. Studies have shown that GICs are the most effective fluorine-releasing materials. Considering the importance of fluoride release and the significant role it plays in caries resistance and reducing its progression, the following study was conducted to evaluate the fluoride release and uptake from different types of GIC. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

问题陈述:继发性龋齿是牙齿修复和接受冠后的首要问题。随着时间的推移,如果不使用合适的修复材料,继发性龋齿的几率会增加。研究目的:本研究评估了三种不同类型的玻璃离聚体配方的氟释放能力,包括玻璃离聚体水泥(GC-9, Gold label)、玻璃离聚体FX-II (shofuJapan)、Ketac moll (3M)。方法:3种材料各取10个圆柱形试样,按照生产厂家的说明书制作,独立浸入25 ml人工唾液中,作为第1组至第3组保存。采用氟离子特异性电极于第1、7、28天测定氟离子释放量。结果总结:我们的研究表明,三种玻璃离子水门栓均释放氟化物。最重要的氟化物释放发生在头24小时内。然后逐渐增加,并在接下来的几天的研究中保持不变。我们在前24小时的结果表明,三组释放的氟离子浓度均不显著高于对照组。但FX-II的氟化物释放量相对低于GC-9和Ketac。在第7天,三组的氟化物释放量均显著增加。虽然FX-II与GC-9和Ketac摩尔相比保持较低的释放。总的来说,氟化物的释放在第28天减少介绍氟化物使牙齿硬度和耐用性,并保护它免受龋齿。它已经成功地以可溶和可吸收的形式将氟化物添加到牙釉质中。”Erhad 1874。低浓度的氟化物对牙齿硬组织和预防龋齿有有益的作用。然而,在氟化物治疗后,唾液中的氟化物浓度在几个小时内下降到非常低的浓度。因此,释放氟化物的牙科材料可以作为替代系统,以维持口腔环境中长期的氟化物释放。氟化物的抗致癌作用可能是由几种机制引起的。牙齿吸收的氟化物可以减少脱矿,加强再矿化。氟离子还在干扰细胞膜和斑块形成以及抑制微生物生长方面发挥作用。许多作者认为,为了减少龋齿的发生率,在口服液中添加低浓度的氟化物是必要的。4-6龋发病率的下降是由于三种不同类型的GIC降低了牙釉质对氟释放能力的溶解度3(1);2017 22 Journal OF Applied Dental and Medical Sciences 3(1);2017口服酸,以及氟引起的细菌酶的抑制作用。继发性或复发性龋是术后修复失败的常见原因之一。一个公认的事实是,在释放氟化物的修复体周围,继发性龋齿的发生率和严重程度都会降低。浸出的氟化物可作为局部应用,增加周围牙齿结构的氟化物含量,从而通过形成更耐酸侵蚀的氟磷灰石晶体来减少龋齿。玻璃离子水门剂(GIC)释放氟化物的能力已被发现约20年,并已成为其在牙科中越来越多地使用的一个重要因素。玻璃离子水门剂的氟化物释放取决于玻璃离子水门剂的类型、玻璃的初始氟化物含量、混合和凝固时间以及环境中的pH值变化。研究还表明,玻璃离聚体吸收在口腔环境中因浸出而丢失的氟化物,并在动态过程中再次释放出来,从而使该材料被视为“可再充电的缓释氟化物系统”。因此,口腔环境中氟化物的存在保证了氟化物的长期释放,从口腔中的这些修复中,氟化物以化学方式与玻璃离聚体结合并逐渐释放出来,从而发生了连续的释放吸收过程。传统玻璃离子水泥(GIC)的两大缺点是不透明,美观性差,边缘强度差。因此,正在对gic进行修改以克服这一缺陷。一些改性是树脂改性的GICs,复合材料,VII型,IX型GP。氟化物释放过程涉及某些内在变量。它们主要由水泥的制造方式决定:硅酸铝玻璃和聚烯酸的组成,粉末颗粒的大小,混合水泥中各组分(玻璃/聚酸/酒石酸/水)的相对比例,最后是混合工艺。当玻璃离聚体的组分混合时,它们经历一个反应,包括由玻璃粉末的固体碱引起的酸基的中和。 在混合过程中和反应后,会释放出大量的氟化物:在最初几天释放的氟化物较多。研究表明,gic是最有效的释氟材料。考虑到氟化物释放的重要性,以及氟化物在抗龋和减缓龋病进展中的重要作用,我们进行了以下研究,以评估不同类型GIC的氟化物释放和摄取。材料和方法:为以下三种材料各制作10个样品,分为组玻璃离聚体水泥(GC-9,金标),组II: kettac摩尔(3M)和组III:玻璃离聚体FX-II
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Evaluation of fluroride release ability of three different types of GIC:An in Vitro Study
Statement of problem: Secondary caries are the prime concern after the restoration and tooth receiving crown. As time progresses the chances of secondary caries increases if suitable restorative material is not used. Aim of the study : This study evaluate the fluoride releasing ability of three different types of Glass Ionomer formulation including Glass Ionomer cement(GC-9, Gold lable), Glass Ionomer FX-II (shofuJapan), Ketac Molar(3M). Methodology : A total of 10 cylindrical specimen for each of 3 materials were prepared followed by manufacturer instructions & immersed independently in 25 ml of artificial saliva & stored as group-1 to 3. The Fluoride release was evaluated on 1 st , 7 th & 28 th day using fluoride ion specific electrode. Summary of Result : Our study showed that all 3 types of glass-ionomer cements released fluoride. The most important fluoride release took place during the first 24 hours. It then gradually increased and became constant during the following days of the study. Our results in the first 24hrs demonstrated that the concentrations of fluorine ions released were insignificantly higher in all three groups. But release of fluoride is comparatively lower in FX-II than GC-9 and Ketac molar.There is considerable increase in fluoride release was seen in all three groups in at 7 th day. Though FX-II has maintained lower release compared to GC-9 and Ketac molar. Over all release of fluoride is diminished at the 28 th day Introduction Fluoride gives hardness and durability to the tooth and protects it against caries. It has been successful to add fluoride to the tooth enamel in a soluble and absorbable form.” Erhad`t 1874. Low concentrations of fluoride have a beneficial effect on dental hard tissues and in the prevention of caries. However, after fluoride treatments, salivary fluoride concentrations decrease to very low concentrations within a few hours. Therefore, fluoride releasing dental materials can be alternative systems in order to maintain long-term fluoride release in the oral environment. The anticariogenic effects of fluoride may be due to several mechanisms. Fluoride taken up by the tooth reduces demineralization and enhances remineralization. Fluoride ions also play a role in the interference of pellicle and plaque formation and the inhibition of microbial growth. Many authors suggest that fluoride in low concentrations is necessary in oral fluids in order to decrease caries incidence.4-6 Caries incidence decrease is due to a reduction in enamel solubility to FLUORIDE RELEASE ABILITY OF THREE DIFFERENT TYPES OF GIC 3(1);2017 22 Journal Of Applied Dental and Medical Sciences 3(1);2017 oral acids, as well as inhibition of bacterial enzymes elicited by the fluoride. One of the common causes for the post-operative failure of restorations is secondary or recurrent caries. It is a well-established fact that the incidence and severity of secondary caries are reduced around restorations that release fluoride. The leached fluoride acts as a topical application to increase the fluoride content of the surrounding tooth structure, thereby minimizing caries by forming fluorapatite crystals, which are more resistant to acid attack. The ability of glass ionomer cements (GIC’s) to release fluoride has been known for some 20 years and has been a significant factor in their increasing use in dentistry The fluoride release of glass ionomers depends on the type of glass ionomer, the initial fluoride content of the glass, mixing and setting times, and pH changes in the environment. Studies have also shown that glass ionomers take up fluorides, which are lost from leaching in the oral environment and release it again in a dynamic process, thereby enabling the material to be looked upon as a “re-chargeable slow-release fluoride system.” The presence of fluoride in the oral environment thus guarantees long-term fluoride release, from these restorations in the oral cavity the fluoride binds chemically to the glass ionomer and it gradually releases it, and a continuous release uptake process thereby occurs. Two big disadvantages of the conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) are its opaqueness that gives it poor esthetics and poor edge strength. Hence, modifications of GICs are being introduced to overcome the deficiency. Some of the modifications are the resin-modified GICs, compomer, Type VII, IX GP.Certain intrinsic variables are involved in the fluoride release process. They are mainly determined by the way the cement is manufactured: the composition of the aluminumsilicate glass and polyalkenoic acid, the size of the powder particle, the relative proportion of components (glass/polyacid/tartaric acid/water) in the mixed cement, and finally, the mixing process. When the components of the glass ionomer are mixed, they experience a reaction involving neutralization of acid groups elicited by the solid base of the glass powder. Important amounts of fluoride are released during the mixing process and after the reaction: this release is higher during the first days. Studies have shown that GICs are the most effective fluorine-releasing materials. Considering the importance of fluoride release and the significant role it plays in caries resistance and reducing its progression, the following study was conducted to evaluate the fluoride release and uptake from different types of GIC. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Ten specimens were made for each of the following three materials and were grouped as Group IGlass ionomer cement (GC-9, Gold label), Group II: Ketac Molar (3M) and Group III: Glass Ionomer FX-II
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