天鹅河鱼锚测试

M. Hossain, Youngho Kim
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引用次数: 0

摘要

OTC-28901-MS于2018年提出了新型动态安装的“鱼”锚,采用取自大自然的几何形状,用于深水浮式设施的潜在经济和更安全的系绳。鱼锚轴的每个横截面都是椭圆形的,因此在自由落体通过水柱时阻力很小,在穿透海底沉积物时阻力也很小。挡板安装在轴的最宽部分,以在操作负载下调动最大阻力区域。通过离心模型试验和大变形有限元分析,评估了钙质淤泥中动态安装时的鱼锚嵌入深度以及单调和循环运行荷载下的承载力。在动态安装过程中,鱼锚的归一化尖端嵌入深度通常是鱼雷锚的三倍,比OMNI-Max锚大50%。在工作载荷下,鱼锚潜得更深,穿透深度比安装时提高了20%至60%。相比之下,鱼雷锚(所有系泊泥线倾角)和OMNI-Max锚(除系泊泥线倾角为0°的单一试验外)直接拉出而没有潜水,反映出在钙质土壤中自由落体穿透能力不足。本文通过对珀斯斯旺河的现场试验,对鱼锚的性能进行了跟踪报道。制作1/15比例鱼锚模型,干重0.304 kN。锚在五个不同的地点进行了测试。在两个浅水区(水深分别为1.1米和1.9米),测试在Burswood和Maylands码头进行。在相对较深的水深(2.91 ~ 4.73 m),从驳船上进行了试验。河床土主要由粘土、粉质粘土、粉砂质粉土和砂质粉土组成。撞击速度为5.9 ~ 11.7 m/s。与在钙质淤泥中进行离心试验获得的结果相比,归一化尖端嵌入深度甚至更大。在操作单调负荷下,鱼锚俯冲,而不是拉出河床,为系泊角度≤37 ~ 47°。有趣的是,与非潜水型鱼雷和吸力沉箱锚相比,潜水型鱼锚的失效包膜是非椭圆的,并已用数学方法表示。用于教学系泊和悬链系泊的最大承载能力是水下锚重量的3.5 ~ 15倍。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Fish Anchor Testing in the Swan River
OTC-28901-MS proposed the novel dynamically installed "fish" anchor in 2018, adopting a geometry taken from nature, for potential economic and safer tethering of floating facilities in deep water. Every cross section of the fish anchor shaft is elliptical, leading to very low drag resistance during free fall through the water column, and also low resistance in penetrating the seabed sediments. The padeye is fitted on the widest part of the shaft to mobilise the maximum resistance area under operational loading. The fish anchor embedment depth during dynamic installation, and capacity under both monotonic and cyclic operational loading in calcareous silt were assessed through centrifuge model tests and large deformation finite element analyses. During dynamic installation, the normalised tip embedment depth of the fish anchor was typically three times that for the torpedo anchors and 50% greater than that for the OMNI-Max anchors. Under operational loading, the fish anchor dove deeper, reaching penetrations 20 to 60% greater than achieved during installation. By contrast the torpedo anchors (for all mooring mudline inclinations) and the OMNI-Max anchors (apart from a single test with mooring mudline inclination of 0°) pulled out directly without diving, reflecting insufficient free-fall penetration in calcareous soil. This paper provides a follow up reporting the performance of the fish anchor through field tests in the Swan River, Perth. A 1/15th scale model fish anchor was fabricated with dry weight being 0.304 kN. The anchor was tested at five different locations. At two shallow water locations (water depths 1.1 and 1.9 m, respectively), the tests were performed from the Burswood and Maylands jetty. At relatively deeper water depths of 2.91∼4.73 m, the tests were performed from a barge. The riverbed soils consisted of clay, silty clay, silt and sandy silt. The impact velocities were 5.9∼11.7 m/s. The normalised tip embedment depths were even greater compared to those achieved from centrifuge tests in calcareous silt. Under operational monotonic loadings, the fish anchor dove, as opposed to pull out of the riverbed, for mooring angles ≤ 37∼47°. Interestingly, in contrast to non-diving torpedo and suction caisson anchors, the diving fish anchor resulted non-elliptical failure envelopes, which have been expressed mathematically. The ultimate capacity was 3.5∼15 times the weight of the anchor submerged in water for taught and catenary moorings.
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