应力爆破的数值模拟技术综述

IF 0.7 Q4 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Shuting Miao, P. Konicek, P. Pan, H. Mitri
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引用次数: 2

摘要

应力爆破作为一种针对冲击地压发生的主动矿山安全措施,已应用于多种开采条件下,对高应力岩体进行预处理,以降低深部矿山和深部地下建筑发生冲击地压的风险。然而,应力爆破的应用大多依赖于工程经验,其机理和效果尚未得到很好的了解。计算机技术的飞速发展使数值模拟成为研究岩石爆破效果的一种经济有效的方法。在数值研究爆破破裂机理、优化爆破设计、评价应力爆破效果等方面进行了大量的研究工作。本文综述了近二十年来应力爆破数值模拟研究的最新进展。对几种常用的卸压爆破建模方法进行了比较和评述。目前,研究爆破效果通常采用静态模型和动态模型两种不同的建模方法。在静力法中,通过改变岩体的刚度和强度特性来模拟应力爆破,得到爆破后的应力状态。动态建模技术关注的是煤岩体的动态破裂过程,在此过程中不需要对爆破损伤进行预估。此外,考虑岩体强度随时间变化的爆破压力和应变率,动态建模方法可以准确地估计出爆破孔周围的损伤区范围,但计算量和复杂度都有所增加。此外,还对不同的应力爆破建模方法进行了比较和综述,一般分为基于连续体的、基于离散的和耦合的三种方法。揭示了爆破在岩体中的破裂机理,评价了现有爆破设计的卸压效果,并与经典结果进行了比较。总结了影响应力爆破效果的因素。最后,简要介绍了应力爆破数值模拟的难点和挑战。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Numerical modelling of destress blasting – A state-of-the-art review
Abstract As a proactive mine safety measure against the occurrence of rockburst, destress blasting has been applied to numerous mining conditions to precondition highly stressed rock mass to mitigate the risk of rockburst occurrence in deep mines as well as in deep underground constructions. However, the application of destress blasting mostly depends on engineering experience, while its mechanism and efficiency have not been well understood. Rapid advances in computer technology have made numerical simulation an economical and effective method to study the rock blasting effect. Enormous research efforts have been made to numerically investigate the blasting fracture mechanism, optimize blasting design, and assess the ef fi ciency of destress blasting. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art progress in numerical modelling associated with destress blasting over the last two decades. Some commonly used modelling approaches for destressing blasting are compared and reviewed. Currently, two different ways of modelling based on static and dynamic modes are typically used to study the effect of blasting. In the static method, destress blasting is simulated by modifying the rock mass’s stiffness and strength properties to obtain the post-blast stress state in the destressed zone. The dynamic modelling technique focuses on the dynamic fracture process of coals and rock masses, during which the predetermination of the damage induced by blasting is not necessary. Moreover, the extent of damage zones around the blast hole can be precisely estimated in the dynamic modelling method by considering time-varying blast pressure and strain rate dependency on the strength of rock mass but at the cost of increased computation and complexity. Besides, different destress blasting modelling methods, generally classified into continuum-based, discrete-based, and coupled methods, are compared and reviewed. The fracture mechanism of blasting in the rock mass is revealed, and the destressing efficiency of the existing destress blasting design is assessed and compared with classical results. The factors that may affect the efficiency of destress blasting are summarized. Finally, the difficulties and challenges associated with the numerical modelling of destress blasting are highlighted briefly.
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来源期刊
Journal of Sustainable Mining
Journal of Sustainable Mining Earth and Planetary Sciences-Geology
CiteScore
1.50
自引率
10.00%
发文量
20
审稿时长
16 weeks
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